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專家解讀之三 | 充分發揮節能標準作用 推動節能降碳更新改造

發(fa)布時間(jian):2023-03-18   來(lai)源:國家發(fa)展改革委(wei)   點擊數:83854次

充分(fen)發揮節能標(biao)準(zhun)作(zuo)用 推動節能降碳更(geng)新改造

——《關于(yu)進一步加(jia)強節能標(biao)準更新(xin)升級和應用實施的通(tong)知》解讀之三

節(jie)能(neng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)是國家節(jie)能(neng)制度的(de)基(ji)礎,在促進節(jie)能(neng)提效(xiao)、倒(dao)逼淘(tao)汰落后、堅(jian)決遏制高耗能(neng)、高排放、低水平項目(mu)盲目(mu)發(fa)展、引領(ling)節(jie)能(neng)降碳(tan)技術進步(bu)等(deng)方面具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要作(zuo)用(yong),是推(tui)(tui)動綠色發(fa)展的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要手段。近日(ri),國家發(fa)展改革委、市場監管總局聯合印發(fa)《關于(yu)進一步(bu)加強(qiang)節(jie)能(neng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更新升級和應用(yong)實施(shi)的(de)通知》(發(fa)改環資規〔2023〕269號,以(yi)下簡稱《通知》),部署安排進一步(bu)加強(qiang)節(jie)能(neng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更新升級和應用(yong)實施(shi)相關工作(zuo),有(you)利于(yu)充分發(fa)揮節(jie)能(neng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)引領(ling)約束作(zuo)用(yong),推(tui)(tui)動節(jie)能(neng)降碳(tan)更新改造(zao),對積極穩妥推(tui)(tui)進碳(tan)達峰碳(tan)中和、加快發(fa)展方式綠色轉(zhuan)型有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要意義(yi)。

一、強調(diao)節(jie)能標準(zhun)在(zai)節(jie)能降碳更新改(gai)造(zao)中(zhong)的定位

我(wo)國高度(du)重視(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),從(cong)上世紀(ji)80年代開始推動節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)工(gong)(gong)作。經過多年努力,我(wo)國節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)快速發(fa)展,強制性標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)推薦(jian)性標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)相結合(he)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)體系不(bu)斷完善。截至目前,已(yi)累計(ji)發(fa)布實(shi)施(shi)強制性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)限(xian)額(e)國家(jia)(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)108項(xiang)(xiang)、強制性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效國家(jia)(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)66項(xiang)(xiang)、推薦(jian)性節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)國家(jia)(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)190項(xiang)(xiang),涉及火電、鋼鐵、建材、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)等重點行業(ye)領域,以(yi)及家(jia)(jia)用(yong)電器和(he)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)設備(bei)等重要用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)品設備(bei),基本(ben)覆蓋(gai)了(le)(le)生產(chan)生活各個方(fang)面(mian),為實(shi)施(shi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)耗(hao)總量(liang)和(he)強度(du)調(diao)控(kong)、節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)審查、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識等制度(du)提供了(le)(le)技術(shu)支撐(cheng),取得了(le)(le)顯著的(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降碳效果。據測算(suan),“十三(san)五”期間我(wo)國發(fa)布實(shi)施(shi)16項(xiang)(xiang)強制性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)限(xian)額(e)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun),實(shi)現年節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)7700萬噸標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)煤,相當于每年減排二氧化(hua)碳1.48億噸。但同時,部分(fen)企業(ye)單(dan)位產(chan)品能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)未(wei)達到強制性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)限(xian)額(e)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)限(xian)定值要求(qiu)等違規(gui)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)問(wen)題仍然存在(zai)。為此,《通知》強調(diao)強制性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)限(xian)額(e)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)和(he)強制性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)是(shi)滿足節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管理的(de)基本(ben)要求(qiu),依(yi)法必須(xu)執行,進一步明確了(le)(le)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)定位,使(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降碳更新(xin)改造(zao)工(gong)(gong)作有章可循、有據可依(yi)。

二(er)、筑牢節能降碳更新改造基礎

節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)最直(zhi)接、最有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、最經濟(ji)的(de)(de)降碳(tan)舉(ju)(ju)措。實現(xian)碳(tan)達峰(feng)碳(tan)中和(he)目標(biao)時間窗口偏(pian)緊(jin)、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)偏(pian)重(zhong),這(zhe)要求將(jiang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)擺在突出位置(zhi),大力推動(dong)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業、重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)品設備(bei)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降碳(tan)更(geng)新(xin)改造(zao)升級(ji),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)(li)用效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率,釋(shi)放(fang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源消(xiao)費空間,減少二氧化碳(tan)排放(fang)。節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為衡量重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業、重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)品設備(bei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源利(li)(li)用效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率的(de)(de)標(biao)尺,是(shi)(shi)開展節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降碳(tan)更(geng)新(xin)改造(zao)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)依據。但目前節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)制修(xiu)訂效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率不高(gao)(gao)、指標(biao)不夠先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)、覆(fu)蓋范(fan)圍不廣(guang)等問題(ti),都(dou)制約了節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)(de)有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)發揮。《通知》提(ti)出組織實施(shi)“十四五”百項節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降碳(tan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)提(ti)升行(xing)(xing)動(dong)、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業和(he)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)品設備(bei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)要求、擴(kuo)大節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)覆(fu)蓋范(fan)圍等重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)任(ren)務(wu)(wu),相關舉(ju)(ju)措有利(li)(li)于充分發揮節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。一(yi)方(fang)面通過能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗限額(e)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)限定值和(he)準(zhun)(zhun)入值,以(yi)及能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)3級(ji)(或5級(ji))水平倒逼(bi)企業淘汰落后(hou)(hou)產(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、落后(hou)(hou)工(gong)藝和(he)落后(hou)(hou)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)品設備(bei);另一(yi)方(fang)面通過能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗限額(e)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)值,以(yi)及能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)1級(ji)水平引導企業向(xiang)標(biao)桿(gan)看(kan)齊,優化工(gong)藝技(ji)術(shu)路線、實施(shi)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)改造(zao)、更(geng)新(xin)主(zhu)要用能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)品設備(bei)、提(ti)高(gao)(gao)生產(chan)(chan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),促進(jin)(jin)企業綠色轉型。進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步帶動(dong)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)品、先(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降碳(tan)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)供給和(he)應用,為節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降碳(tan)更(geng)新(xin)改造(zao)筑牢了工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)基礎。

三、明確節能(neng)降碳更新改造要求

習近(jin)平(ping)(ping)總(zong)書記(ji)強調,實現碳(tan)達峰碳(tan)中和目(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)要堅定(ding)不(bu)移,但(dan)不(bu)可能(neng)(neng)畢其功(gong)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)役(yi),要堅持(chi)穩中求(qiu)進(jin)(jin),逐步實現。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)重點(dian)行業(ye)、重點(dian)用能(neng)(neng)產(chan)品(pin)設(she)備(bei)節能(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)碳(tan)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)升級,不(bu)能(neng)(neng)一(yi)概而論,不(bu)能(neng)(neng)搞“一(yi)刀切”,要堅持(chi)穩中求(qiu)進(jin)(jin)的工(gong)作(zuo)基調,采用合(he)理分類(lei)的科學策略。《通(tong)知(zhi)》分別(bie)明確(que)了對(dui)存量(liang)項目(mu)及新(xin)(xin)建和改(gai)擴建項目(mu)的要求(qiu),提出(chu)引導支(zhi)持(chi)重點(dian)用能(neng)(neng)單(dan)位對(dui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)能(neng)(neng)耗限(xian)額(e)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)先進(jin)(jin)值和能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)1級水平(ping)(ping)開展節能(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)碳(tan)改(gai)造(zao)(zao);新(xin)(xin)建和改(gai)擴建項目(mu)單(dan)位產(chan)品(pin)能(neng)(neng)耗和主(zhu)要用能(neng)(neng)產(chan)品(pin)設(she)備(bei)應(ying)分別(bie)達到能(neng)(neng)耗限(xian)額(e)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)準(zhun)入(ru)值和能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)2級能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)水平(ping)(ping);對(dui)于(yu)(yu)產(chan)能(neng)(neng)已經飽和行業(ye),單(dan)位產(chan)品(pin)能(neng)(neng)耗和主(zhu)要用能(neng)(neng)產(chan)品(pin)設(she)備(bei)應(ying)分別(bie)達到能(neng)(neng)耗限(xian)額(e)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)先進(jin)(jin)值和能(neng)(neng)效(xiao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)1級水平(ping)(ping)等。相關規定(ding)幫助(zhu)處于(yu)(yu)不(bu)同發展階段的企業(ye)有針對(dui)性地(di)明確(que)了節能(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)碳(tan)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)和更(geng)新(xin)(xin)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)方向,有利于(yu)(yu)合(he)理有序、有的放矢地(di)開展節能(neng)(neng)降(jiang)(jiang)碳(tan)更(geng)新(xin)(xin)改(gai)造(zao)(zao)工(gong)作(zuo)。

四、激發節能降碳更新改造動(dong)力

一(yi)些(xie)企(qi)業對(dui)節(jie)能標(biao)(biao)(biao)準執(zhi)行不到(dao)位(wei),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)癥結在于對(dui)節(jie)能降碳(tan)工作(zuo)的認識(shi)(shi)不到(dao)位(wei)、意義理解不深(shen),簡單地將落實節(jie)能降碳(tan)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求理解為制(zhi)約(yue)(yue)企(qi)業發(fa)展,未能充(chong)分認識(shi)(shi)到(dao)節(jie)能降碳(tan)對(dui)于提(ti)(ti)高能源利用(yong)效(xiao)率、節(jie)約(yue)(yue)能源成本(ben)、提(ti)(ti)升企(qi)業發(fa)展質量和效(xiao)益的重要(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。《通知(zhi)》“對(dui)癥下藥”,一(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)強化能效(xiao)領先(xian)(xian)正向(xiang)激(ji)勵,提(ti)(ti)出利用(yong)中央預(yu)算內投(tou)資現有(you)資金渠(qu)道,積(ji)極對(dui)符(fu)合條件(jian)的、節(jie)能降碳(tan)更新改(gai)造后(hou)單位(wei)產品(pin)(pin)能耗(hao)(hao)和主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)能產品(pin)(pin)設備達(da)到(dao)能耗(hao)(hao)限額標(biao)(biao)(biao)準先(xian)(xian)進值和能效(xiao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準1級水(shui)平(ping)的項目給予支(zhi)持;二是(shi)(shi)(shi)加強節(jie)能標(biao)(biao)(biao)準宣貫培訓(xun),提(ti)(ti)高全社(she)會(hui)對(dui)節(jie)能標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的理解認識(shi)(shi);三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通過節(jie)能監察等(deng)手段(duan)強化對(dui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準實施(shi)情況的監督檢查。相(xiang)關舉(ju)措可(ke)謂“三(san)管齊下”,有(you)利于激(ji)發(fa)企(qi)業實施(shi)節(jie)能降碳(tan)更新改(gai)造的內生動(dong)力,扭轉“要(yao)(yao)(yao)我節(jie)能”的被動(dong)心態,引導企(qi)業主(zhu)動(dong)開(kai)展能效(xiao)對(dui)標(biao)(biao)(biao),提(ti)(ti)高企(qi)業的積(ji)極性(xing)和主(zhu)動(dong)性(xing)。

《通知》緊(jin)緊(jin)圍繞(rao)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)這一關(guan)鍵抓手,為(wei)(wei)重(zhong)點(dian)行業(ye)、重(zhong)點(dian)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)產品(pin)設備節(jie)能(neng)(neng)降碳(tan)更(geng)新改造工(gong)作(zuo)筑基礎、明要(yao)求、增動力(li)。相信《通知》出臺(tai)后,必將充分發揮節(jie)能(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)的重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong),促進(jin)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)降碳(tan)更(geng)新改造工(gong)作(zuo)邁上(shang)新臺(tai)階,為(wei)(wei)積極穩(wen)妥推進(jin)碳(tan)達峰碳(tan)中和、加快發展方(fang)式綠色(se)轉(zhuan)型提供有力(li)支撐。(作(zuo)者(zhe):張英健 中國國際工(gong)程(cheng)咨詢有限(xian)公司資環業(ye)務部主(zhu)任)

(來源:國家發展改革委)

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