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夯實(shi)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)標準(zhun)在節(jie)(jie)能(neng)管理監督工作中(zhong)的支(zhi)撐保障作用 推動(dong)重(zhong)點領(ling)域節(jie)(jie)能(neng)提(ti)質增效

——《關(guan)于(yu)進一步(bu)加強節能標(biao)準更(geng)新(xin)升級(ji)和(he)應用實施的(de)通知》解讀之二

節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)標(biao)準是國家節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)制度(du)的(de)重(zhong)要基礎，也是開展(zhan)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)管理、節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)審查(cha)、節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)監察等(deng)工(gong)作的(de)技(ji)術依據。近(jin)日，國家發(fa)展(zhan)改革委、市(shi)場監管總局聯合印發(fa)《關于進一(yi)步加強節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)標(biao)準更新升(sheng)級和(he)應用實(shi)(shi)(shi)施的(de)通知》（發(fa)改環資規〔2023〕269號，以下簡稱《通知》），提出切(qie)實(shi)(shi)(shi)加強節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)標(biao)準應用實(shi)(shi)(shi)施與監督(du)檢查(cha)，明確節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)標(biao)準在節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)管理監督(du)工(gong)作中(zhong)的(de)重(zhong)要作用，壓(ya)實(shi)(shi)(shi)用能(neng)單位(wei)主體責(ze)任，將有(you)效推動重(zhong)點領域節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)降本、提質增效。

一、節能標準是強化(hua)節能管理監督的制度性保障

節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準既是政府加(jia)強節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監管的(de)依據，也是用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)單(dan)位(wei)實(shi)施節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管理(li)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)。節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)工作(zuo)涉及經濟(ji)社會發展的(de)全(quan)過程各領域，要把(ba)政府的(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管理(li)監督建立在(zai)(zai)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上，要讓企(qi)業在(zai)(zai)推動節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降碳工作(zuo)中(zhong)有據可依，必須(xu)建立科學(xue)、系(xi)統的(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準體(ti)系(xi)。《節(jie)(jie)約能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源法(fa)(fa)(fa)》規(gui)定(ding)，要制(zhi)定(ding)強制(zhi)性(xing)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產品設備(bei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準和(he)高耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產品單(dan)位(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)限額(e)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準，并以(yi)上述(shu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準為基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)，規(gui)定(ding)了嚴格的(de)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管理(li)辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)，如：對不符(fu)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產品設備(bei)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)淘(tao)汰制(zhi)度；禁止銷售(shou)和(he)進口不符(fu)合能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產品；生產高耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產品，如果能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗(hao)超過限額(e)，必須(xu)限期治理(li)等(deng)(deng)。此(ci)外，《節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監察辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)》《固定(ding)資產投資項目節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)審查辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)》《重點(dian)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)單(dan)位(wei)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管理(li)辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)》等(deng)(deng)政策均對強制(zhi)性(xing)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)國家(jia)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準的(de)使用(yong)、執行(xing)(xing)等(deng)(deng)進行(xing)(xing)了規(gui)定(ding)。

《通知》提出持續推進(jin)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)更新升(sheng)(sheng)級，切實加強節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)應(ying)用實施，組織實施“十四五”百項節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)降碳標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)提升(sheng)(sheng)行(xing)(xing)動，加快(kuai)工業、能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)、城(cheng)鄉建(jian)設、交通運輸、公共(gong)機構、農業農村等領域(yu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)制(zhi)(zhi)修訂，嚴(yan)格執行(xing)(xing)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，加強標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)實施情況(kuang)監督(du)檢查。節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的制(zhi)(zhi)定和實施，為(wei)(wei)開展(zhan)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管理監督(du)工作提供了重(zhong)要制(zhi)(zhi)度性保障(zhang)，將有利于從源(yuan)頭上控制(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消耗，遏制(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)大(da)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)浪(lang)費行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)，依(yi)(yi)法依(yi)(yi)規淘(tao)汰落后產(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、落后工藝、落后產(chan)品(pin)設備，促進(jin)產(chan)業轉型升(sheng)(sheng)級，加快(kuai)綠色產(chan)品(pin)供給，為(wei)(wei)推動經濟(ji)社會發展(zhan)全面(mian)綠色轉型提供有力支撐。

二、嚴格節能(neng)審查標準要求，加強節能(neng)源頭管理(li)

固定(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投資(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)目節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)是(shi)項(xiang)(xiang)目開工(gong)建(jian)設(she)(she)、竣工(gong)驗收和(he)(he)運營管理(li)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)依(yi)(yi)據(ju)。地方(fang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)機關(guan)依(yi)(yi)據(ju)項(xiang)(xiang)目是(shi)否(fou)符(fu)合(he)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)關(guan)法律法規(gui)、標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)范、政(zheng)策等(deng)對項(xiang)(xiang)目建(jian)設(she)(she)單位編制(zhi)提交的(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)報告進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)，是(shi)促進(jin)固定(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投資(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)目合(he)理(li)利(li)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源的(de)源頭性(xing)措(cuo)施(shi)，也是(shi)政(zheng)府開展節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)管理(li)監督工(gong)作的(de)“總閥門(men)”。《通(tong)知(zhi)》要(yao)(yao)求在固定(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)投資(zi)(zi)項(xiang)(xiang)目節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)中嚴格(ge)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)國家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，新(xin)建(jian)和(he)(he)改擴建(jian)項(xiang)(xiang)目主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)水平(ping)必(bi)(bi)須達(da)(da)(da)到(dao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗限額標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)入值，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)設(she)(she)備(bei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)水平(ping)必(bi)(bi)須達(da)(da)(da)到(dao)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)2級(ji)水平(ping)。對于產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)已經(jing)飽和(he)(he)的(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)水平(ping)原(yuan)則上(shang)應達(da)(da)(da)到(dao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗限額標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)先(xian)進(jin)值，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)設(she)(she)備(bei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)水平(ping)原(yuan)則上(shang)應達(da)(da)(da)到(dao)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)1級(ji)水平(ping)。《通(tong)知(zhi)》針對產(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)飽和(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)和(he)(he)其他行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)提出(chu)了(le)(le)分類(lei)審(shen)(shen)批、分類(lei)處置的(de)要(yao)(yao)求，為地方(fang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)機關(guan)科學有(you)序做好固定(ding)(ding)(ding)資(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)項(xiang)(xiang)目節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)提供(gong)了(le)(le)明確依(yi)(yi)據(ju)，既保障(zhang)了(le)(le)有(you)利(li)于地方(fang)高(gao)(gao)質量發(fa)展的(de)重(zhong)大(da)項(xiang)(xiang)目用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)需求，也為地方(fang)統籌開展堅(jian)決遏制(zhi)高(gao)(gao)耗能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)、高(gao)(gao)排(pai)放、低水平(ping)項(xiang)(xiang)目盲(mang)目發(fa)展等(deng)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)重(zhong)點工(gong)作提供(gong)了(le)(le)堅(jian)實依(yi)(yi)據(ju)。同時(shi)，通(tong)過節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)約束，為重(zhong)點領域(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)設(she)(she)備(bei)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)制(zhi)造企(qi)業(ye)指明了(le)(le)發(fa)展方(fang)向(xiang)，有(you)利(li)于引領相(xiang)關(guan)企(qi)業(ye)加快高(gao)(gao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)設(she)(she)備(bei)研發(fa)和(he)(he)創新(xin)，擴大(da)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)設(she)(she)備(bei)有(you)效(xiao)供(gong)給，促進(jin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)高(gao)(gao)質量發(fa)展。

三、加強(qiang)標準實施情(qing)況監督檢查(cha)，強(qiang)化(hua)節能事(shi)中事(shi)后管理

節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)察是推動(dong)強(qiang)制(zhi)性節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)(zhun)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)實(shi)施的重要載體。近年(nian)來，國(guo)家發(fa)展(zhan)改革委(wei)、工業(ye)和(he)信(xin)息化(hua)部(bu)每年(nian)下達節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)察任務，各地(di)也根據(ju)國(guo)家要求并(bing)結合本地(di)實(shi)際，制(zhi)訂了年(nian)度(du)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)察計劃，部(bu)分地(di)方已(yi)將(jiang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗限(xian)額標準(zhun)(zhun)實(shi)施情況列入其中。《通(tong)知》進一步明確，發(fa)展(zhan)改革部(bu)門、工業(ye)和(he)信(xin)息化(hua)部(bu)門要強(qiang)化(hua)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)察，將(jiang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)(zhun)執(zhi)行情況納入年(nian)度(du)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)察計劃和(he)工業(ye)監(jian)察計劃，扎實(shi)開展(zhan)專項行動(dong)，督(du)促(cu)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)單位(wei)嚴(yan)格實(shi)施能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)約束。各地(di)區有關(guan)部(bu)門每年(nian)應(ying)(ying)當嚴(yan)格按照《節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)察辦法》、年(nian)度(du)節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)監(jian)察計劃等要求，對強(qiang)制(zhi)性節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)國(guo)家標準(zhun)(zhun)實(shi)施情況進行監(jian)督(du)檢查(cha)，督(du)促(cu)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)單位(wei)落實(shi)強(qiang)制(zhi)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)耗限(xian)額標準(zhun)(zhun)和(he)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)效(xiao)標準(zhun)(zhun)要求，進一步健全節(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)(zhun)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)實(shi)施事中事后管理。

四、提高用能單位主體責(ze)任意識，充分發揮標準在節能管理中的(de)技術支撐作用

用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位是(shi)我國能(neng)(neng)源消費的主(zhu)體，其中(zhong)年耗(hao)能(neng)(neng)1萬(wan)噸標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)煤及以上的重(zhong)(zhong)點用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位約(yue)占我國能(neng)(neng)源消費總量的60%以上，抓住(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)點用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位就(jiu)抓住(zhu)了節(jie)能(neng)(neng)工(gong)作(zuo)的“牛鼻(bi)子”，因此必(bi)須提高節(jie)能(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)在(zai)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位節(jie)能(neng)(neng)管理工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)的應用(yong)(yong)實(shi)施力度(du)。目前，部分用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位仍存在(zai)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)管理薄(bo)弱(ruo)、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)執(zhi)行(xing)不到位等(deng)問題(ti)。《通(tong)知》提出壓實(shi)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位主(zhu)體責任(ren)，嚴格執(zhi)行(xing)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)特別是(shi)強制性能(neng)(neng)耗(hao)限額標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和強制性能(neng)(neng)效標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。各類用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位應當(dang)對(dui)照(zhao)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)要求，加(jia)強節(jie)能(neng)(neng)管理，有(you)序開展節(jie)能(neng)(neng)降(jiang)碳升級改(gai)造，實(shi)施重(zhong)(zhong)點產品設(she)備更新(xin)改(gai)造，提高生(sheng)產運行(xing)能(neng)(neng)效。

針(zhen)對(dui)部(bu)分(fen)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)單位存在對(dui)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)了解(jie)不充分(fen)的問(wen)題，《通(tong)知》提(ti)出組(zu)織相關機構(gou)等(deng)召開節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化政策解(jie)讀和業務培(pei)訓(xun)會(hui)議(yi)，拓(tuo)寬節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)信息發布渠道(dao)，充分(fen)宣傳(chuan)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的重要作用。進一步提(ti)升(sheng)用能(neng)(neng)(neng)單位節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化工作水平，推動(dong)從“有好(hao)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)”到“用好(hao)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)”的轉變，切實提(ti)高標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)在用能(neng)(neng)(neng)單位節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)管(guan)理工作中的應用實施(shi)效(xiao)果(guo)。

此次印(yin)發的《通知》圍繞加強節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)標準(zhun)應(ying)用實(shi)(shi)施(shi)、切實(shi)(shi)加強標準(zhun)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)情況監(jian)督檢查(cha)等方面做出了重要(yao)工作部署，將(jiang)為地方政府精準(zhun)施(shi)策(ce)抓(zhua)好節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)管理工作夯實(shi)(shi)基礎，也(ye)為用能(neng)企(qi)業節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)提(ti)效工作提(ti)供科(ke)學(xue)指引，有(you)力支撐制造業節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)提(ti)質增效。（作者：閆勇哲 國家(jia)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)中心副主任）

（來源：國家發展改(gai)革委）