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為解決(jue)好新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車動(dong)力蓄電池(chi)(chi)回(hui)收(shou)利用(yong)問題，工業和(he)信(xin)息(xi)化部會(hui)同有關部門(men)于(yu)2018年組(zu)織中國鐵(tie)塔股份有限公(gong)司（以下簡稱“鐵(tie)塔公(gong)司”）等(deng)(deng)開展動(dong)力蓄電池(chi)(chi)梯(ti)次(ci)利用(yong)，發揮動(dong)力蓄電池(chi)(chi)回(hui)收(shou)利用(yong)主渠道作用(yong)，在商業模式構建、關鍵技術研(yan)發、標準規范研(yan)究及信(xin)息(xi)化平臺建設(she)等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)加強創新。鐵(tie)塔公(gong)司作為國有大型通(tong)信(xin)基(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施綜合服務企業，擁有190萬個基(ji)站，對備(bei)用(yong)電源(yuan)有較大需求，通(tong)過推(tui)進退(tui)役動(dong)力蓄電池(chi)(chi)的(de)回(hui)收(shou)和(he)梯(ti)次(ci)利用(yong)，在保障通(tong)信(xin)服務需要(yao)的(de)同時，實現了(le)對退(tui)役動(dong)力蓄電池(chi)(chi)的(de)集中利用(yong)與管控，取得顯著成(cheng)果。

大膽探索，開展試驗試點。長期以來，鐵塔公司的基站備用(yong)電(dian)源主要使用(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)，每(mei)年(nian)采購鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)約10萬噸(dun)。鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)存在使用(yong)壽命短、性(xing)能(neng)低、含有大量(liang)重金屬鉛(qian)(qian)等缺(que)點，廢棄后若處(chu)理不當將(jiang)對環境(jing)造成二次(ci)污染(ran)。為此，鐵塔公司于2015年(nian)開始(shi)，陸續在12個省市3000多(duo)個基站開展梯(ti)次(ci)利用(yong)電(dian)池(chi)替換鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)池(chi)試驗，充分驗證了梯(ti)次(ci)利用(yong)安全性(xing)和技術經濟(ji)性(xing)可行。

停(ting)止采購鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，大力推廣鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)梯次(ci)(ci)(ci)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)。鐵(tie)塔(ta)公司(si)加快基站梯次(ci)(ci)(ci)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)示(shi)范推廣，2018年(nian)已停(ting)止采購鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，統一采購梯次(ci)(ci)(ci)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。截至2018年(nian)底，已在(zai)全(quan)國31個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)市約(yue)12萬(wan)個(ge)(ge)基站使(shi)用(yong)梯次(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)約(yue)1.5GWh，替代鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)約(yue)4.5萬(wan)噸(dun)。鐵(tie)塔(ta)公司(si)與中國一汽(qi)、上(shang)汽(qi)集團等(deng)(deng)11家汽(qi)車生產企(qi)業(ye)合(he)(he)作規劃構建回收渠道(dao)，并在(zai)上(shang)海、湖北、廣東等(deng)(deng)區域率先實(shi)施；與再生利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)企(qi)業(ye)合(he)(he)作優化(hua)退役動力蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)回收利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)流程，確保報廢(fei)梯次(ci)(ci)(ci)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的集中回收和無害化(hua)處置。同時，與中國郵政、商(shang)業(ye)銀行、國網電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車等(deng)(deng)企(qi)業(ye)合(he)(he)作研究(jiu)將梯次(ci)(ci)(ci)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應用(yong)在(zai)機房備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)網削峰填谷、新能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)力動態(tai)擴容等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)，并正(zheng)在(zai)甘肅省(sheng)河西地區建設15MWh光伏發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯次(ci)(ci)(ci)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)項(xiang)目、10MWh風力發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)梯次(ci)(ci)(ci)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)等(deng)(deng)試驗(yan)項(xiang)目，提(ti)升梯次(ci)(ci)(ci)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)綜合(he)(he)效率。

加強技(ji)術合作(zuo)，建(jian)立標準(zhun)(zhun)體系。鐵(tie)塔(ta)公司推動(dong)產(chan)(chan)學研用(yong)合作(zuo)，牽頭行業(ye)突破了電池成(cheng)組、容量(liang)綜合評估等一批梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)次利(li)用(yong)關鍵技(ji)術，統一了電池管理系統通(tong)信(xin)接口(kou)及協議要(yao)求，推進梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)次利(li)用(yong)的智(zhi)能化和標準(zhun)(zhun)化。企業(ye)形成(cheng)了《梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)次電池產(chan)(chan)品技(ji)術規范書》《梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)次電池包裝、運輸(shu)及倉儲管控(kong)要(yao)求》等相關技(ji)術規范，牽頭制定(ding)行業(ye)標準(zhun)(zhun)《通(tong)信(xin)基站梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)次利(li)用(yong)車(che)用(yong)動(dong)力電池的技(ji)術要(yao)求與試驗方法》，填(tian)補國內通(tong)信(xin)行業(ye)梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)次利(li)用(yong)技(ji)術規范空白(bai)，引領梯(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)次利(li)用(yong)技(ji)術進步。

鐵塔公司在大力(li)(li)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)梯(ti)次利(li)用(yong)的(de)過程中(zhong)，還存在一些問題，主要是目前退役(yi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)量較少，產(chan)業鏈(lian)下(xia)游(you)企(qi)業爭奪(duo)擠(ji)占有限的(de)退役(yi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)資源，梯(ti)次利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)采購價格居高(gao)不(bu)下(xia)。同時，行業還在殘值評估(gu)(gu)等技術方面存在瓶頸，亟需動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使用(yong)的(de)歷(li)史數據等信(xin)息用(yong)于評估(gu)(gu)退役(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)性能，以確保篩選(xuan)重組的(de)梯(ti)次利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)產(chan)品(pin)安全可靠。

鐵(tie)塔(ta)公司已經發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)了重(zhong)要的示范帶動作用(yong)(yong)。據鐵(tie)塔(ta)公司規劃，2019年(nian)其將(jiang)繼續擴(kuo)大(da)梯次利用(yong)(yong)電池使用(yong)(yong)規模，預計應用(yong)(yong)梯次利用(yong)(yong)電池約5GWh，替(ti)換鉛酸電池約15萬(wan)(wan)噸，預計可(ke)消納退役動力(li)蓄電池超過5萬(wan)(wan)噸。在17個省市地區建(jian)設回收服(fu)務(wu)網點150個，并發(fa)(fa)展備(bei)用(yong)(yong)電源(yuan)綜(zong)合解決(jue)方案等多(duo)種(zhong)應用(yong)(yong)模式(shi)，突破殘值評(ping)估、快速檢測(ce)等一批關鍵共性技術，健全(quan)優(you)化技術標準(zhun)規范體系。 （來源(yuan)：工信(xin)部節能(neng)與綜(zong)合利用(yong)(yong)司）