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【政策解讀(du)】我國(guo)在15個城市啟動首批公共領域車輛全面電動化先行區試(shi)點

公共(gong)領域車輛(liang)使(shi)(shi)用頻(pin)率高，燃油消耗和(he)(he)(he)污染排(pai)放總量占比大，示范帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)作用強，其電(dian)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)潛力巨大。開展(zhan)公共(gong)領域車輛(liang)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)先行(xing)區試點、推動(dong)(dong)提(ti)升車輛(liang)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平，不僅可以有效促(cu)進節能減排(pai)，帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)基(ji)礎設施建(jian)設，還能促(cu)進新(xin)(xin)技術(shu)、新(xin)(xin)模式、新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)態探索(suo)和(he)(he)(he)創新(xin)(xin)應用，優(you)化(hua)(hua)新(xin)(xin)能源(yuan)汽車使(shi)(shi)用環境，有助(zhu)于鞏(gong)固和(he)(he)(he)擴(kuo)大發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)優(you)勢，推動(dong)(dong)產業(ye)(ye)高質(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。在此(ci)背景下，工業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)信息化(hua)(hua)部(bu)、交通運輸部(bu)會同相關部(bu)門研究(jiu)決定(ding)，在全(quan)(quan)(quan)國范圍內啟動(dong)(dong)公共(gong)領域車輛(liang)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)先行(xing)區試點工作，實現“廣參與、全(quan)(quan)(quan)覆蓋(gai)”，為推進汽車產業(ye)(ye)全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)(hua)轉型設立新(xin)(xin)的目(mu)標和(he)(he)(he)典范。

一、鼓勵地方大膽創新，在全(quan)面電(dian)動化(hua)轉型上(shang)作出引(yin)領示(shi)范(fan)

試(shi)點(dian)工作為期3年，按照定(ding)量、定(ding)性(xing)(xing)相結合的(de)(de)方式明(ming)確(que)主(zhu)要引導目標(biao)，促進車(che)樁協同(tong)發(fa)(fa)展，加(jia)強對技(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)、模(mo)式創新(xin)的(de)(de)支持(chi)導向，有效保(bao)障(zhang)試(shi)點(dian)工作效果。一是加(jia)速(su)(su)提(ti)升(sheng)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)化(hua)水平，強化(hua)試(shi)點(dian)城市(shi)在全(quan)國(guo)范(fan)圍內(nei)的(de)(de)先進性(xing)(xing)與示(shi)范(fan)性(xing)(xing)，形成(cheng)對其他城市(shi)的(de)(de)有力帶動(dong)(dong)，在《新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)產(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展規劃（2021—2035年）》等(deng)政策(ce)基礎上，試(shi)點(dian)工作擴(kuo)大區域(yu)范(fan)圍和車(che)輛(liang)(liang)范(fan)圍，將(jiang)在環衛、郵政快遞(di)、城市(shi)物流配送(song)等(deng)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)新(xin)增及(ji)更(geng)新(xin)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)中新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)比例(li)要求(qiu)(qiu)提(ti)高至(zhi)80%，對試(shi)點(dian)城市(shi)的(de)(de)工作開展提(ti)出了更(geng)高要求(qiu)(qiu)。二是提(ti)升(sheng)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)補(bu)能(neng)(neng)保(bao)障(zhang)能(neng)(neng)力，確(que)保(bao)形成(cheng)適度(du)超(chao)前、合理布局的(de)(de)公共(gong)充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)網絡，既能(neng)(neng)夠滿足公共(gong)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)補(bu)能(neng)(neng)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)，又(you)能(neng)(neng)夠為個(ge)人車(che)主(zhu)提(ti)供快速(su)(su)補(bu)能(neng)(neng)服(fu)務，同(tong)時推動(dong)(dong)高速(su)(su)公路等(deng)場景充(chong)電(dian)(dian)設施的(de)(de)合理布局和廣泛覆蓋，解(jie)決充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁不(bu)好找、不(bu)好用(yong)、數量少等(deng)問(wen)題，提(ti)升(sheng)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)全(quan)場景補(bu)能(neng)(neng)體(ti)驗，破解(jie)居(ju)民(min)出行“充(chong)電(dian)(dian)難”問(wen)題。三是新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)新(xin)模(mo)式得到創新(xin)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，明(ming)確(que)智能(neng)(neng)網聯、車(che)網互動(dong)(dong)等(deng)新(xin)技(ji)術(shu)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)及(ji)驗證(zheng)等(deng)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)目標(biao)要求(qiu)(qiu)，支持(chi)地方和企(qi)業積極創新(xin)、大膽探索，推動(dong)(dong)自動(dong)(dong)駕駛、操作系統(tong)、車(che)規級芯片、V2G、有序充(chong)（放）電(dian)(dian)等(deng)技(ji)術(shu)創新(xin)與應(ying)(ying)用(yong)示(shi)范(fan)，實(shi)現新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)與能(neng)(neng)源、交通、通信(xin)等(deng)領(ling)(ling)域(yu)融合發(fa)(fa)展。

為確保試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)工作取得(de)實效，工業(ye)和信息化部(bu)、交通(tong)運輸部(bu)等組織開展(zhan)(zhan)綜(zong)合評審(shen)工作，對(dui)申報城(cheng)市(shi)的基(ji)礎(chu)條件、試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)與目標、試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)保障措(cuo)施等重點(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)容(rong)(rong)進行(xing)審(shen)核，評選確定了北(bei)(bei)京(jing)等15個城(cheng)市(shi)為第(di)一(yi)批(pi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)城(cheng)市(shi)，于(yu)11月(yue)13日(ri)印發《關(guan)于(yu)啟動(dong)第(di)一(yi)批(pi)公共領(ling)域(yu)車(che)輛全(quan)(quan)面(mian)電動(dong)化先行(xing)區試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)的通(tong)知》。總(zong)體來看，入選試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)城(cheng)市(shi)的產業(ye)基(ji)礎(chu)良(liang)好、應(ying)用場景多(duo)樣、發展(zhan)(zhan)潛(qian)力(li)明顯(xian)、示(shi)范(fan)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)突出、政策保障有(you)力(li)、工作積(ji)極性高。分別來看，第(di)一(yi)類(lei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)城(cheng)市(shi)包(bao)括北(bei)(bei)京(jing)、深圳(zhen)、重慶(qing)、成都、鄭州，具有(you)完善的汽(qi)(qi)車(che)產業(ye)鏈，及公共領(ling)域(yu)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)推(tui)廣基(ji)礎(chu)，能(neng)形(xing)成良(liang)好的示(shi)范(fan)帶(dai)(dai)動(dong)作用；第(di)二類(lei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)城(cheng)市(shi)包(bao)括寧波、廈(sha)門(men)、濟(ji)南、石家莊(zhuang)、唐山，其新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)推(tui)廣規模(mo)大、發展(zhan)(zhan)潛(qian)力(li)大，有(you)利(li)于(yu)推(tui)動(dong)新(xin)體系(xi)電池、車(che)用芯片(pian)、智能(neng)傳感(gan)器等技術上車(che)應(ying)用；第(di)三類(lei)試(shi)(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)城(cheng)市(shi)包(bao)括柳州、海(hai)口、長春、銀(yin)川、鄂爾多(duo)斯(si)，具有(you)突出的區域(yu)特(te)色和示(shi)范(fan)效果，如(ru)海(hai)口推(tui)進全(quan)(quan)島全(quan)(quan)面(mian)禁售(shou)燃油汽(qi)(qi)車(che)，長春探(tan)索新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)在北(bei)(bei)方季凍(dong)區普及應(ying)用路徑，銀(yin)川推(tui)動(dong)綠色能(neng)源(yuan)與新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)融合發展(zhan)(zhan)等。

二、合力推進試點工作見實效，助推綠色交通運(yun)輸(shu)體(ti)系建設

試(shi)點(dian)內容廣(guang)泛充實，為(wei)試(shi)點(dian)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)發展(zhan)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)帶來了新(xin)機遇。試(shi)點(dian)期間，圍繞(rao)公務用車(che)(che)、城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)公交車(che)(che)、環(huan)衛(wei)車(che)(che)、出租(zu)車(che)(che)、郵政快遞車(che)(che)、城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)物流配送(song)車(che)(che)、機場(chang)(chang)用車(che)(che)、特(te)定(ding)場(chang)(chang)景重型(xing)貨(huo)車(che)(che)等公共領域(yu)車(che)(che)輛(liang)，第一(yi)批試(shi)點(dian)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)預計推廣(guang)新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)將(jiang)超過(guo)(guo)60萬輛(liang)，同時(shi)累計建設充電(dian)樁將(jiang)超過(guo)(guo)70萬臺(tai)、換(huan)電(dian)站0.78萬座。圍繞(rao)新(xin)型(xing)充換(huan)電(dian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、車(che)(che)網互動技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、智能(neng)網聯技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)(che)碳交易、綠色電(dian)力交易等方(fang)向，新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)新(xin)模式將(jiang)呈現一(yi)定(ding)規模效(xiao)應，并將(jiang)構建系統化(hua)的政策標準(zhun)支持體系，支撐試(shi)點(dian)工作取得(de)實效(xiao)。

據(ju)中汽(qi)政(zheng)研統(tong)計分析，第一批(pi)試點城(cheng)市緊跟國家政(zheng)策(ce)導向(xiang)，結合當地新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車(che)(che)產(chan)業發展實際情況，已出(chu)(chu)臺(tai)(tai)了(le)涵蓋(gai)推廣應(ying)用、財(cai)政(zheng)補貼、交通路權、基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)、新(xin)(xin)技術(shu)新(xin)(xin)模式發展等(deng)(deng)方面的支持(chi)政(zheng)策(ce)，圍(wei)繞公(gong)共領(ling)域新(xin)(xin)能源汽(qi)車(che)(che)推廣的相關(guan)支持(chi)措施(shi)主要體現(xian)在：一是提升出(chu)(chu)租(zu)網約、環衛(wei)、城(cheng)市物(wu)流(liu)配(pei)送、郵政(zheng)快遞等(deng)(deng)公(gong)共領(ling)域車(che)(che)輛電動(dong)(dong)化水平(ping)；二是聚焦環衛(wei)、物(wu)流(liu)等(deng)(deng)重點場景，促進(jin)換(huan)電等(deng)(deng)新(xin)(xin)技術(shu)新(xin)(xin)模式推廣應(ying)用，破解電動(dong)(dong)化進(jin)展滯后困局；三(san)是推動(dong)(dong)智能網聯技術(shu)應(ying)用，開展自動(dong)(dong)駕駛(shi)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)車(che)(che)、短途(tu)接(jie)駁(bo)巴士、物(wu)流(liu)配(pei)送車(che)(che)、清掃(sao)車(che)(che)等(deng)(deng)示范應(ying)用；四是出(chu)(chu)臺(tai)(tai)專門政(zheng)策(ce)支持(chi)，包括交通管(guan)理、停車(che)(che)和充電優惠、基(ji)礎(chu)設施(shi)建(jian)設等(deng)(deng)方面。

同時，試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)項(xiang)復雜的(de)系統(tong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，需要(yao)(yao)央(yang)地通力(li)合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)才(cai)能取得實(shi)效。為促進公(gong)共(gong)領(ling)域(yu)車(che)(che)輛(liang)全面電動化(hua)，推(tui)動新能源汽車(che)(che)與(yu)(yu)交通、能源、通信等(deng)領(ling)域(yu)融合發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，為實(shi)現“碳(tan)達峰、碳(tan)中(zhong)和”目標貢獻力(li)量(liang)，中(zhong)汽政(zheng)研(yan)(yan)建(jian)議：試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)城市(shi)緊抓試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)遇，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)組織(zhi)保障，建(jian)立協調工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)、統(tong)籌(chou)推(tui)進試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，聚焦(jiao)特(te)色場景、特(te)色領(ling)域(yu)、主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)新技術(shu)新模式(shi)，勇于突破、大膽創新，探索創新發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)案例，制(zhi)定出臺一攬(lan)子支持政(zheng)策，打造試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)“典型標桿”，并多渠道加強(qiang)(qiang)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)宣傳，提升公(gong)眾參與(yu)(yu)度；主(zhu)管部門應建(jian)立完善的(de)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)推(tui)進機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，組織(zhi)行(xing)業專家(jia)和第三方機(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)對試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)城市(shi)進行(xing)跟蹤，定期開展(zhan)(zhan)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)城市(shi)調研(yan)(yan)、試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)考核評估等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，歸納(na)總(zong)結可復制(zhi)可推(tui)廣的(de)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)經驗(yan)，加大試(shi)(shi)點(dian)(dian)(dian)典型案例宣傳力(li)度，營造新能源汽車(che)(che)推(tui)廣應用的(de)良(liang)好氛圍。

（來源：中國汽車(che)(che)技術研(yan)究(jiu)中心有限公(gong)司 原文題目(mu)：智(zhi)庫觀點 | 政(zheng)策解(jie)讀(du)：《關于(yu)啟動(dong)第(di)一批(pi)公(gong)共領域車(che)(che)輛全面(mian)電動(dong)化先行區試點的通知》）