99久久精品费精品国产

【行業關注】工信部持續(xu)加碼動力電池回收利用 行業淘汰(tai)賽或將到來

近日，工信部節能(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)綜合利(li)(li)用(yong)司在北京(jing)召(zhao)開新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車動(dong)(dong)力蓄電(dian)池(chi)回收利(li)(li)用(yong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法研討會。工信部節能(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)綜合利(li)(li)用(yong)司將(jiang)加快新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車動(dong)(dong)力蓄電(dian)池(chi)回收利(li)(li)用(yong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)辦(ban)法研究制定(ding)，強化行業(ye)規范(fan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)，持(chi)(chi)續完善動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)回收利(li)(li)用(yong)體系(xi)。工信部持(chi)(chi)續加碼動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)回收利(li)(li)用(yong)將(jiang)給行業(ye)發(fa)展帶來(lai)新氣象(xiang)。隨著行業(ye)門(men)檻提高、政(zheng)府加強監管(guan)(guan)，行業(ye)淘汰賽或(huo)將(jiang)到來(lai)。

動力電(dian)池回收開(kai)始(shi)“上量”    

研究機構EVTank聯合伊維經濟(ji)研究院日前發(fa)布(bu)的《中國廢(fei)舊鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池回(hui)收拆解與(yu)梯次利(li)用行業發(fa)展白皮(pi)書(shu)（2023年）》（以下(xia)簡稱(cheng)《白皮(pi)書(shu)》）顯示，2022年中國廢(fei)舊鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池實際回(hui)收量(liang)為41.5萬噸，同比(bi)(bi)增長75.8％。在原(yuan)材料價格大(da)幅上漲的背景下(xia)，2022年廢(fei)舊鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)池回(hui)收拆解與(yu)梯次利(li)用呈現量(liang)價齊升的局面(mian)，市場規(gui)模(mo)增長至154.4億元，同比(bi)(bi)增幅達到182.8％。

真鋰研究創(chuang)始(shi)人墨柯表示，按照公安(an)部的(de)(de)統計數據，目前(qian)，我國(guo)新能源汽車保有(you)量已(yi)超過1300萬(wan)輛(liang)，規模很大，而且仍保持較(jiao)快的(de)(de)發展速度，市場有(you)很大的(de)(de)發展空間。“可以確定，回(hui)收再利用的(de)(de)動力電(dian)池數量隨著(zhu)時間的(de)(de)推(tui)(tui)移會(hui)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多，長期(qi)投資(zi)機會(hui)的(de)(de)前(qian)景非常值得看好。現階段是企業布局的(de)(de)好時機。”墨柯說。隨著(zhu)新能源汽車使用周期(qi)的(de)(de)不斷推(tui)(tui)進，動力電(dian)池的(de)(de)回(hui)收也開(kai)始(shi)“上量”，這一行業現象(xiang)也被(bei)各方廣(guang)泛(fan)關注(zhu)。

過去幾年，動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)原(yuan)材料價格不(bu)斷高企(qi)、供(gong)給不(bu)足等問題頻出(chu)，向回(hui)收(shou)要(yao)“材料”，充分發揮“城市礦山(shan)”的(de)材料回(hui)收(shou)再利用(yong)的(de)作用(yong)變得(de)尤(you)為迫切。不(bu)僅(jin)以車企(qi)為代表的(de)需(xu)求企(qi)業把觸角(jiao)延伸(shen)至(zhi)動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)回(hui)收(shou)領域，其(qi)他產(chan)業鏈(lian)各環(huan)節的(de)企(qi)業也紛紛涉(she)足動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)回(hui)收(shou)，以期能(neng)增(zeng)強產(chan)業鏈(lian)管控能(neng)力。廣州汽(qi)車集團(tuan)股份有限公司(si)黨委書記(ji)、董事(shi)長曾慶洪就坦言：“廣汽(qi)加強了在包括(kuo)礦產(chan)資(zi)源和動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)回(hui)收(shou)利用(yong)在內的(de)全產(chan)業鏈(lian)的(de)布局。這樣我(wo)們的(de)動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)成本就下(xia)來了。”

向(xiang)回(hui)收(shou)要材(cai)料，也(ye)讓(rang)技(ji)術(shu)、商業模式(shi)等各(ge)(ge)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)新(xin)有(you)(you)了較快的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展。繼(ji)寧德(de)時代提(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)金屬資源可(ke)回(hui)收(shou)比例(li)可(ke)超過(guo)90％引(yin)發(fa)業內外爭(zheng)論后(hou)，各(ge)(ge)方對動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)收(shou)技(ji)術(shu)、商業模式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注(zhu)度也(ye)在(zai)不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)(ti)高，不(bu)斷有(you)(you)企業推(tui)出(chu)(chu)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商業模式(shi)、技(ji)術(shu)，以提(ti)(ti)(ti)升動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)收(shou)效(xiao)率，更(geng)好地推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)原(yuan)材(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。北(bei)京旭華時代科(ke)技(ji)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司(si)董事長(chang)崔(cui)旭提(ti)(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修復技(ji)術(shu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命。“在(zai)我看來，動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)收(shou)是(shi)不(bu)得已而為之。如果把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修復技(ji)術(shu)做好推(tui)廣，完全可(ke)以起到更(geng)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)延長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。”崔(cui)旭介紹，“北(bei)京旭華時代創(chuang)新(xin)研(yan)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)曲面石墨烯材(cai)料，可(ke)以在(zai)廢(fei)舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)中發(fa)揮修復作用(yong)(yong)。我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)試驗數據中，某專業電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)公(gong)司(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修復后(hou)，與同一規(gui)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量對比大幅提(ti)(ti)(ti)高，車輛行駛里程可(ke)以由120公(gong)里提(ti)(ti)(ti)升到176公(gong)里，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升46％。”崔(cui)旭表示(shi)，在(zai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)收(shou)再利(li)用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程中，可(ke)以進行更(geng)多技(ji)術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)和商業模式(shi)探(tan)索，讓(rang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環利(li)用(yong)(yong)價值得以提(ti)(ti)(ti)升。

非法回收(shou)擾亂行(xing)業發展    

隨著動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)行(xing)業的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，非(fei)法回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)擾亂(luan)(luan)市(shi)場(chang)的(de)(de)問題也在不斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)酵。中國化(hua)學(xue)與物理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源行(xing)業協會儲能應用分(fen)會統計(ji)的(de)(de)數據顯(xian)(xian)示，目前，流向(xiang)白名(ming)(ming)單企(qi)業的(de)(de)退役(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池只(zhi)有(you)(you)不到25％，有(you)(you)75％的(de)(de)廢舊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池被(bei)小(xiao)作(zuo)坊(fang)以及尚未進入白名(ming)(ming)單的(de)(de)企(qi)業消化(hua)，由此(ci)帶來嚴重污染問題，且(qie)不利(li)(li)于資源的(de)(de)循環(huan)利(li)(li)用。此(ci)前，甚至有(you)(you)業內人士透(tou)露，超過9成的(de)(de)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池都流向(xiang)了非(fei)法回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)渠道。動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)流向(xiang)非(fei)正規渠道，這(zhe)是過去幾(ji)年(nian)來困擾動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)利(li)(li)用行(xing)業發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)最大問題。盡(jin)管(guan)工(gong)信部(bu)(bu)等有(you)(you)關(guan)部(bu)(bu)門(men)利(li)(li)用白名(ming)(ming)單的(de)(de)方式，不斷(duan)加(jia)強對動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)行(xing)業的(de)(de)管(guan)理，但(dan)利(li)(li)益驅動下，非(fei)法回(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)收(shou)卻(que)屢禁不止，這(zhe)也讓“散亂(luan)(luan)小(xiao)”的(de)(de)行(xing)業發(fa)(fa)展亂(luan)(luan)象不斷(duan)升級。調查(cha)顯(xian)(xian)示，大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)小(xiao)作(zuo)坊(fang)只(zhi)是充(chong)當(dang)“倒爺”的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，通過高價競(jing)標等方式拿到退役(yi)(yi)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，轉手賣給儲能等梯次利(li)(li)用企(qi)業，甚至有(you)(you)些退役(yi)(yi)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池并(bing)沒有(you)(you)得(de)到應有(you)(you)的(de)(de)處(chu)理，而是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池包被(bei)拆解(jie)后直接投入再使(shi)用。

非法回(hui)(hui)收(shou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷滋生(sheng)，究其根本，還是(shi)利益(yi)驅動(dong)(dong)。動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)原(yuan)材料價格的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷高企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，甚(shen)至供不(bu)(bu)(bu)應求，讓包(bao)括動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)在內的(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)掌握資源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環節都變得緊俏，利益(yi)驅動(dong)(dong)下(xia)(xia)，小作坊不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷滋生(sheng)。而(er)這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)做設備、場(chang)地等方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)投入(ru)，有(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)甚(shen)至不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)墊付資金，就可以“空手套白狼”從倒賣中獲利，而(er)那些(xie)(xie)正規(gui)(gui)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)卻很難有(you)(you)生(sheng)存(cun)空間。公開數據顯示，工信(xin)部已經公布了80余家符(fu)合(he)《新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)廢(fei)舊動(dong)(dong)力蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)綜合(he)利用(yong)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)(gui)范條件(jian)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)設立(li)了約14435個動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)服務網點(dian)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)過，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)網點(dian)很多淪為(wei)(wei)“擺設”，回(hui)(hui)收(shou)量(liang)(liang)非常少。同時，企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)查(cha)查(cha)數據顯示，2018年(nian)(nian)動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)相關企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)注冊量(liang)(liang)突破1000家，2020年(nian)(nian)新增動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)3400家，2021年(nian)(nian)動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)注冊量(liang)(liang)暴增至2.45萬(wan)家，預計2022年(nian)(nian)動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)注冊量(liang)(liang)將超(chao)3萬(wan)家，這(zhe)導致我國在業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)或存(cun)續動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)達到(dao)4.15萬(wan)家。中信(xin)建投研報(bao)分析(xi)，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)入(ru)局者大(da)多是(shi)沒有(you)(you)認(ren)證和技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)小企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。非法回(hui)(hui)收(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野蠻生(sheng)長，擾亂了動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展秩序(xu)，也為(wei)(wei)接下(xia)(xia)來可能到(dao)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)量(liang)(liang)快(kuai)速(su)發展帶(dai)來隱憂。

中國汽車工業(ye)(ye)協會(hui)秘書(shu)長(chang)(chang)助(zhu)理(li)(li)兼技(ji)術部(bu)部(bu)長(chang)(chang)王耀表(biao)示，上游原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)持(chi)續(xu)大幅上漲，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)僅(jin)需直(zhi)接將退役電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)處理(li)(li)后(hou)出售其中的(de)(de)貴金屬材(cai)料(liao)(liao)便(bian)可(ke)獲(huo)利(li)(li)(li)，這引發(fa)了退役電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)高需求。此外，由于退役電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)體系仍不(bu)完善，正規渠道回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)量少，市場供需失衡疊加對未來材(cai)料(liao)(liao)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)持(chi)續(xu)上漲的(de)(de)高預期，使(shi)得回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)愿意出高價(jia)購買(mai)退役電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。墨(mo)柯也(ye)表(biao)示，過去很(hen)長(chang)(chang)一(yi)段時間，原(yuan)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)價(jia)格(ge)(ge)不(bu)斷高漲之際，動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)拆(chai)解(jie)、處理(li)(li)資源和原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)很(hen)容(rong)易(yi)獲(huo)利(li)(li)(li)，也(ye)會(hui)有更多(duo)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)加入回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)拆(chai)解(jie)處理(li)(li)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)行列(lie)。在(zai)資源價(jia)格(ge)(ge)不(bu)高的(de)(de)情況下，回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)廢(fei)舊動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)主要用途(tu)則更多(duo)的(de)(de)是梯次利(li)(li)(li)用。

提高(gao)門檻 加(jia)強監管    

據工(gong)信部消息，節能與綜合(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)司將(jiang)加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)新能源汽車動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)管理辦(ban)(ban)法研究(jiu)制定，強化行業(ye)(ye)規范管理，持續(xu)完善動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)體系。工(gong)信部裝備工(gong)業(ye)(ye)一司一級巡視員苗長興表示，將(jiang)加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)推動(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)產業(ye)(ye)高質(zhi)量可持續(xu)發(fa)展。健全(quan)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)體系，加(jia)快(kuai)(kuai)提(ti)升(sheng)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)力(li)(li)度，出(chu)臺新能源汽車動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)池(chi)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)管理辦(ban)(ban)法，支持退役電(dian)池(chi)柔(rou)性拆解，高效再(zai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)等關鍵技術(shu)攻關和推廣利用(yong)(yong)(yong)，培育壯大(da)梯(ti)次和再(zai)生(sheng)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)骨干企業(ye)(ye)，提(ti)高回(hui)(hui)收(shou)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)平。

一(yi)(yi)位參與動(dong)力(li)電池(chi)(chi)回收(shou)標準(zhun)起(qi)草的業(ye)(ye)內人士透(tou)露，即將(jiang)出(chu)臺的管(guan)理辦(ban)法(fa)將(jiang)把此前《新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車動(dong)力(li)蓄電池(chi)(chi)回收(shou)利用管(guan)理暫行辦(ban)法(fa)》中的“暫行”兩(liang)字去掉，預(yu)計正式出(chu)臺的管(guan)理辦(ban)法(fa)將(jiang)對(dui)主體責任更加明確，加強動(dong)力(li)電池(chi)(chi)回收(shou)的法(fa)規(gui)約束。提(ti)高門檻、加強監管(guan)被認為是今(jin)后動(dong)力(li)電池(chi)(chi)回收(shou)行業(ye)(ye)的必然(ran)，由此行業(ye)(ye)也將(jiang)迎來一(yi)(yi)場(chang)淘(tao)汰賽。

王耀(yao)認為，動力電池回收市場應(ying)推動回收利用(yong)立法，明確各方(fang)主(zhu)體(ti)責(ze)任，同時(shi)要(yao)提(ti)高行(xing)(xing)業準(zhun)入，繼續實行(xing)(xing)“白(bai)名單”管(guan)理(li)(li)，鼓(gu)勵支持(chi)有(you)較強(qiang)回收處理(li)(li)能力的(de)企(qi)業有(you)序開展回收利用(yong)。一位大型車企(qi)集團(tuan)資源回收部門負責(ze)人(ren)也強(qiang)調，要(yao)提(ti)升(sheng)行(xing)(xing)業的(de)準(zhun)入門檻(jian)，同時(shi)加強(qiang)監管(guan)，用(yong)規(gui)范管(guan)理(li)(li)和有(you)效監管(guan)肅(su)清行(xing)(xing)業發展環(huan)境，讓(rang)那些(xie)不規(gui)范運作(zuo)的(de)小作(zuo)坊(fang)失去生(sheng)存空(kong)間，并支持(chi)在(zai)技術創新等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)有(you)突破的(de)企(qi)業快速發展。

洛克資本研報提出(chu)，目前各地對(dui)非法(fa)危廢收集的(de)打擊(ji)力度持續加大(da)，長期來看，小(xiao)(xiao)作坊廢電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)收業(ye)務有望出(chu)清，大(da)型(xing)連(lian)鎖型(xing)的(de)汽修廠成(cheng)為重要(yao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)收窗口。信達證券也認為，工信部等部門發布多(duo)項政策指南引導電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)收規范(fan)化發展，白名(ming)單制度有望趨(qu)嚴，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)回(hui)收行(xing)業(ye)進入(ru)壁壘不斷提高(gao)，小(xiao)(xiao)作坊有望逐步退出(chu)。

（來源：中國汽車報 原(yuan)文(wen)題(ti)目：動(dong)力電池(chi)回收利用行業淘(tao)汰賽將至？）