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環保公用行(xing)業(ye)2022年投資策(ce)略：“雙碳”目標下的行(xing)業(ye)價值重塑

一(yi)、雙碳(tan)頂(ding)層政策(ce)發布，達(da)峰前目標明確

（一）“雙(shuang)碳”頂(ding)層政策發(fa)(fa)布，環保(bao)公用發(fa)(fa)展方向明確

“雙(shuang)(shuang)碳(tan)”頂(ding)層政策(ce)正(zheng)式發(fa)布(bu)。今年 10 月，中共中央、國(guo)務(wu)院先后發(fa)布(bu)了《關于(yu)完整準(zhun)確(que) 全面貫徹新發(fa)展理念(nian)做(zuo)好(hao)碳(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)中和(he)(he)工作(zuo)的(de)意見》和(he)(he)《2030 年前碳(tan)達(da)峰行動方案》，作(zuo)為(wei) “雙(shuang)(shuang)碳(tan)”目(mu)(mu)標(biao)“1+N”政策(ce)體系中的(de)綱領性文件(jian)，《意見》《方案》進一(yi)步明確(que)我國(guo)實(shi)現達(da)峰 總體目(mu)(mu)標(biao)，部(bu)署重大舉措，明確(que)實(shi)施路徑，對于(yu)統一(yi)全黨認(ren)識和(he)(he)意志，匯聚(ju)全黨全國(guo)力量來完 成雙(shuang)(shuang)碳(tan)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)具有(you)重大意義。

統籌設計，強化全國(guo)一盤棋。《意見(jian)》和(he)《方(fang)案(an)》明確提出要“全國(guo)統籌。全國(guo)一盤棋， 強化頂層(ceng)設計，發揮制(zhi)度優勢，實行黨政同責，壓實各(ge)方(fang)責任。根據各(ge)地(di)實際分類施策，鼓勵 主動作為、率(lv)先達峰(feng)”。從地(di)區層(ceng)面，充(chong)分考慮地(di)區發展(zhan)的(de)階段性差異(yi)，立足各(ge)地(di)區主體(ti)功能 定位，按(an)照共(gong)同但有區別的(de)原則(ze)，制(zhi)定各(ge)地(di)區同向但不同步(bu)的(de)碳達峰(feng)路線(xian)圖。

分(fen)解(jie)目(mu)標(biao)，實行(xing)差異化減排(pai)。《意見》和(he)(he)《方(fang)(fang)案》分(fen)別列(lie)出 2025 年(nian)、2030 年(nian)和(he)(he) 2060 年(nian) 的(de)主(zhu)要目(mu)標(biao)，從(cong)(cong)長期看(kan)(kan)，綠(lv)色低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)循環發展的(de)經濟(ji)體系和(he)(he)清潔(jie)低碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)安全(quan)高效的(de)能源(yuan)體系全(quan)面建(jian) 立。從(cong)(cong)短期看(kan)(kan)，要將碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰、碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中和(he)(he)納入生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)設(she)整體布(bu)局，實現減碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)與節能、控(kong)污有效 協同。同時(shi)《意見》和(he)(he)《方(fang)(fang)案》錨(mao)定“3060”目(mu)標(biao)，實施(shi)(shi)分(fen)地區、分(fen)行(xing)業的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)達峰行(xing)動(dong)方(fang)(fang)案， 將遠期目(mu)標(biao)分(fen)解(jie)為短期行(xing)動(dong)，分(fen)時(shi)序、有側重地實施(shi)(shi)差異化的(de)減排(pai)策(ce)略。

（二）借(jie)助市場(chang)力量，推動“雙碳(tan)”轉型(xing)

借助市場(chang)(chang)力量，推動“雙碳(tan)”轉型。近年來，節能(neng)減排(pai)和新能(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)展一直(zhi)得到政府(fu)(fu)政策 和補貼(tie)的(de)大力支持，而建立一個高(gao)質量高(gao)度完善的(de)市場(chang)(chang)化機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)則是我國(guo)現階(jie)段(duan)實現“雙碳(tan)”目 標的(de)重要前置條件(jian)。一方面政府(fu)(fu)政策和市場(chang)(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)協同，可(ke)以引(yin)導(dao)能(neng)源(yuan)結構和產業結構的(de)調整， 提升中國(guo)在(zai)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)產業鏈的(de)整體(ti)競爭力；另一方面利用市場(chang)(chang)化手(shou)段(duan)解決(jue)碳(tan)排(pai)放問題，可(ke)以 讓(rang)企業選擇更(geng)靈活、成本(ben)更(geng)低(di)的(de)減排(pai)路(lu)徑，保障企業平(ping)穩(wen)健康發(fa)展。 全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)市場(chang)(chang)總體(ti)運行(xing)平(ping)穩(wen)有序，價格發(fa)現功能(neng)逐步顯(xian)現。

今年 7 月(yue)(yue)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)國碳(tan)(tan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易市場(chang)正 式啟動，截至 11 月(yue)(yue)底，全(quan)(quan)(quan)國市場(chang)排放(fang)配(pei)額(e)（CEA）累計成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)量(liang)(liang)達到(dao)了 4323.17 萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)，其中(zhong)掛牌 協議成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)量(liang)(liang) 899.84 萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)，大(da)宗協議成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)量(liang)(liang) 3423.33 噸(dun)(dun)(dun)；累計成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)額(e) 18.47 億元(yuan)，成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)均(jun)價(jia) 42.72 元(yuan)/噸(dun)(dun)(dun)，其中(zhong)掛牌協議成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)額(e) 4.35 億元(yuan)，成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)均(jun)價(jia) 48.34 元(yuan)/噸(dun)(dun)(dun)，大(da)宗協議成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)額(e) 14.12 億元(yuan)， 成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)均(jun)價(jia) 41.25 元(yuan)/噸(dun)(dun)(dun)。11 月(yue)(yue) 30 日(ri)碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)配(pei)額(e)（CEA）收(shou)盤價(jia)為 42.95 元(yuan)/噸(dun)(dun)(dun)，較(jiao)開市時下(xia)降(jiang) 16.16%。自開市以來(lai)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)國碳(tan)(tan)市場(chang)每個(ge)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)易日(ri)均(jun)有成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，單日(ri)最高(gao)成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)量(liang)(liang) 423.72 萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)，日(ri)均(jun) 成(cheng)(cheng)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)量(liang)(liang) 35.73 萬(wan)噸(dun)(dun)(dun)。目前全(quan)(quan)(quan)國碳(tan)(tan)市場(chang)尚處于起步(bu)階段(duan)，8 月(yue)(yue)末意來(lai) CEA 價(jia)格表現相對較(jiao)穩(wen)定， 維持(chi)在 42 元(yuan)/噸(dun)(dun)(dun)上下(xia)浮動，隨著第一個(ge)履約周期步(bu)入尾聲(sheng)，12 月(yue)(yue) CEA 價(jia)格或有提升。

全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場首個履約(yue)期(qi)(qi)臨近(jin)尾聲，CCER 市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)持(chi)續活躍(yue)。10 月末，生態環境部發布《關 于做好全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)權交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場第一(yi)個履約(yue)周期(qi)(qi)碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)配(pei)額(e)(e)清(qing)(qing)繳工(gong)作(zuo)的通知》，明確(que)全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場 第一(yi)個履約(yue)期(qi)(qi)，控排企業可使用 CCER 抵(di)消(xiao)碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)配(pei)額(e)(e)清(qing)(qing)繳。根據規定，用于配(pei)額(e)(e)清(qing)(qing)繳抵(di)消(xiao)的 CCER，應(ying)同時滿足(zu)兩個要(yao)求：一(yi)是抵(di)消(xiao)比(bi)例(li)不(bu)超過(guo)應(ying)清(qing)(qing)繳碳(tan)(tan)排放(fang)配(pei)額(e)(e)的 5%；二是不(bu)得(de)來自納 入全(quan)國(guo)碳(tan)(tan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場配(pei)額(e)(e)管理的減排項目。受此消(xiao)息(xi)影響(xiang)，CCER 市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)(yi)持(chi)續活躍(yue)。 短期(qi)(qi)來看，CCER 存量市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)場的供給小于短期(qi)(qi)需求。

從(cong)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)端來看(kan)，CCER 目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)存(cun)量(liang)(liang)(liang)供(gong)(gong)給(gei)約(yue)為(wei)(wei) 5300 萬(wan)噸(dun)，2017 年(nian)(nian) CCER 項目(mu)備案申(shen)請暫停后目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)仍未開啟，目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)可供(gong)(gong)交易(yi)的均為(wei)(wei) 2017 年(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(qian) 完成(cheng)申(shen)請認(ren)證的減排量(liang)(liang)(liang)；從(cong)需求(qiu)端來看(kan)，假設(she)電力行業一共發放(fang) 40 億噸(dun)碳配額，其中 5%的配 額可用 CCER 抵消，那么全國碳排放(fang)權交易(yi)市場對(dui) CCER 的需求(qiu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei) 2 億噸(dun)。短期來看(kan)，CCER 存(cun)量(liang)(liang)(liang)市場的供(gong)(gong)給(gei)小(xiao)于(yu)短期需求(qiu)，CCER 價格(ge)有望持續走高。以(yi)北京綠(lv)交所為(wei)(wei)例，CCER 成(cheng)交量(liang)(liang)(liang)自 今(jin)年(nian)(nian) 10 月(yue)底以(yi)來明(ming)顯上漲，年(nian)(nian)初至 11 月(yue)末合(he)計(ji)成(cheng)交量(liang)(liang)(liang) 312.67 萬(wan)噸(dun)，其中 11 月(yue)單月(yue)成(cheng)交量(liang)(liang)(liang)就 達到 308.33 萬(wan)噸(dun)，占(zhan)交易(yi)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)的 98.6%。此外，11 月(yue)單筆交易(yi)成(cheng)交價格(ge)大部(bu)分(fen)在 35-40 元/ 噸(dun)之(zhi)間，較之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)也有所上升(sheng)。

助力實現(xian)“雙碳(tan)”目(mu)標(biao) 央行推出碳(tan)減(jian)排(pai)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)工(gong)具。11 月初，中(zhong)國人(ren)民(min)銀行宣(xuan)布將通過(guo)碳(tan) 減(jian)排(pai)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)工(gong)具向金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)提供(gong)(gong)低成本資(zi)金(jin)，引導(dao)金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)在自(zi)(zi)主決策、自(zi)(zi)擔風險的(de)(de)前提下，向 碳(tan)減(jian)排(pai)重點領域內的(de)(de)各類企業(ye)一視同仁(ren)提供(gong)(gong)碳(tan)減(jian)排(pai)貸(dai)款，貸(dai)款利(li)率(lv)應與同期限檔次貸(dai)款市場報 價利(li)率(lv)(LPR)大(da)致持(chi)(chi)平。碳(tan)減(jian)排(pai)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)工(gong)具發放對象暫定為全(quan)國性(xing)金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)，人(ren)民(min)銀行通過(guo)“先 貸(dai)后(hou)借”的(de)(de)直達機(ji)(ji)制，對金(jin)融(rong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)向碳(tan)減(jian)排(pai)重點領域內相(xiang)關(guan)企業(ye)發放的(de)(de)符合條件的(de)(de)碳(tan)減(jian)排(pai)貸(dai)款， 按貸(dai)款本金(jin)的(de)(de) 60%提供(gong)(gong)資(zi)金(jin)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi)，利(li)率(lv)為 1.75%。

二、電力：建設綠色電力體系，助(zhu)力“雙碳”目標實現

（一）電力結構低碳轉型持續推進

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力消費總(zong)體保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)平穩較(jiao)快增(zeng)(zeng)長水平。根據中電(dian)(dian)(dian)聯(lian)發(fa)布的數(shu)(shu)據，今(jin)年(nian) 1-10 月(yue)我國(guo)全社(she)會 用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)為 68254 億千瓦時(shi)，同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長 12.2%，全國(guo) 20 個省(sheng)份用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)增(zeng)(zeng)速超過全國(guo)平均水平，上 年(nian)同(tong)期低基數(shu)(shu)以及今(jin)年(nian)以來國(guo)民經濟保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)恢復態勢是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)快速增(zeng)(zeng)長的主要原因。分產業(ye)來 看，今(jin)年(nian) 1-10 月(yue)第(di)一產業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長 18.4%，第(di)二(er)產業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長 11.3%，第(di)三產業(ye) 用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長 20.0%，居民生(sheng)活用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長 7.4%，三次產業(ye)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)均保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)兩位數(shu)(shu)增(zeng)(zeng)長。電(dian)(dian)(dian) 力消費總(zong)體保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)平穩較(jiao)快增(zeng)(zeng)長水平。

發電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數提升明顯。今年 1-10 月(yue)(yue)，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)發電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)累計平(ping)(ping)(ping)均利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 3180 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)增加 106 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。分類型看，1-10 月(yue)(yue)，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)水電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為 3159 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)(tong) 比(bi)降低 165 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；全(quan)(quan)國(guo)火(huo)電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為 3665 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)增加 293 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；全(quan)(quan)國(guo)核電(dian)設 備(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 6471 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)增加 372 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；全(quan)(quan)國(guo)并網風電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 1827 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)， 同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)增加 100 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；全(quan)(quan)國(guo)太陽能發電(dian)設備(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi) 1097 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)降低 18 小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展動力由傳(chuan)統煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)向(xiang)清潔能(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)變。截至 10 月底，全國發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝機容量(liang)(liang) 23.0 億(yi)(yi)(yi)千 瓦(wa)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang) 9.0%。其中，非化(hua)石(shi)能(neng)源(yuan)裝機容量(liang)(liang) 10.6 億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang) 17.1%，占(zhan)總裝機容 量(liang)(liang)的 45.8%，占(zhan)比(bi)(bi)同(tong)比(bi)(bi)提(ti)高 3.2pct。火電(dian)(dian)(dian) 12.8 億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang) 3.6%；水電(dian)(dian)(dian) 3.8 億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)，同(tong) 比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang) 5.1%；核電(dian)(dian)(dian) 5326 萬千瓦(wa)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang) 6.8%；風電(dian)(dian)(dian) 3.0 億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa)，同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang) 30.4%；太陽能(neng) 發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian) 2.8 億(yi)(yi)(yi)千瓦(wa),同(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)(zeng)長(chang) 23.7%。在“雙碳”目(mu)標催化(hua)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展動力由傳(chuan)統煤(mei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)向(xiang)清潔 能(neng)源(yuan)轉(zhuan)變。

電(dian)力(li)碳排放將進入(ru)峰(feng)值平臺期。根據(ju)中電(dian)聯發(fa)布(bu)的數據(ju)，2020 年全國單位(wei)火電(dian)發(fa)電(dian)量二(er) 氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳排放約 832 克/千瓦時(shi)，比 2005 年下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang) 20.6%;全國單位(wei)發(fa)電(dian)量二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳排放約 565 克/ 千瓦時(shi)，比 2005 年下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang) 34.1%。以 2005 年為基準年，從 2006 年到 2020 年，通過開展(zhan)非(fei)化(hua)(hua)石 能(neng)源轉型、降(jiang)(jiang)低供電(dian)煤耗和線(xian)(xian)損率(lv)等(deng)辦法(fa)，電(dian)力(li)行業累計削減二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳排放約 185.3 億噸。其 中，非(fei)化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)源轉型貢(gong)獻率(lv)為 62%，供電(dian)煤耗下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)對電(dian)力(li)行業二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳減排貢(gong)獻率(lv)為 36%，線(xian)(xian) 損率(lv)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)的二(er)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)碳減排貢(gong)獻率(lv)為 2.6%。（報(bao)告來源：未(wei)來智(zhi)庫）

終(zhong)端用能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平持續(xu)提高。2020 年以來，我國(guo)不斷強化(hua)(hua)經濟社會(hui)綠色轉(zhuan)型的(de)頂層設 計，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)營造了良(liang)好(hao)的(de)政策環境(jing)。中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)進入以綠色低碳(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力供應為牽引(yin)、 以終(zhong)端能源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)為主線、以技術(shu)創新和體(ti)制改革(ge)為驅動的(de)新階(jie)段。從消(xiao)費側看，終(zhong)端能 源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)水(shui)平穩(wen)步提升(sheng)，2020 年，全國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能占終(zhong)端能源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費比重約 26.5%，工(gong)業部(bu)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi) 化(hua)(hua)率(lv) 26.2%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)趨于平穩(wen)，其(qi)中(zhong)四(si)大(da)(da)高載(zai)能行業電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)率(lv) 17.8%。建筑(zhu)部(bu)門(men)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)發(fa) 展(zhan)水(shui)平快速提升(sheng)，“十三五”以來電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)率(lv)累計提高 10.9 個百分點(dian)，達(da)到 44.1%。交(jiao)通(tong)部(bu)門(men) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)率(lv) 3.7%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)潛力巨大(da)(da)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)對清潔能(neng)(neng)源轉型具有顯(xian)著支撐作用。今年 11 月中央(yang)深改委會議提(ti)出建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)全國統 一電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)，推進適應能(neng)(neng)源結構轉型的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)機制建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)，有序推動新能(neng)(neng)源參與(yu)市場(chang)交易。 另(ling)外(wai)國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)網也發布(bu)了《省間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力現貨交易規則》，提(ti)出所(suo)有的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)類型和企業都可以參與(yu)省 間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力現貨交易，鼓勵(li)省間(jian)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)交易。建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)全國統一電(dian)(dian)(dian)力市場(chang)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)不僅可以提(ti)升(sheng)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)溢價，還 可以提(ti)高(gao)綠(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)消(xiao)納比(bi)例，有利(li)于(yu)保障新能(neng)(neng)源發電(dian)(dian)(dian)企業的(de)(de)盈利(li)能(neng)(neng)力，從(cong)而加速推動電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)統清潔 低(di)碳轉型。

（二）新(xin)能源發電迎(ying)來發展(zhan)良機

政(zheng)策推動下，綠(lv)電(dian)產(chan)業(ye)迎來發(fa)展(zhan)良機。今年以來，國(guo)家發(fa)改委、國(guo)家能(neng)源局等部門(men)從系 統(tong)建(jian)設、項目開放、現(xian)貨交易、上網(wang)電(dian)價、分時(shi)機制(zhi)、綠(lv)電(dian)交易等多(duo)方面發(fa)布政(zheng)策文件，進(jin)一(yi) 步深化(hua)電(dian)力體(ti)制(zhi)改革，保障我國(guo)順利實現(xian)“雙碳”目標。這些(xie)政(zheng)策的落地，不僅促(cu)進(jin)了我國(guo)新 能(neng)源和電(dian)網(wang)系統(tong)的健康發(fa)展(zhan)，也為(wei)綠(lv)電(dian)產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)帶來機遇(yu)。

積極(ji)鼓勵地(di)方增加可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)建設和消(xiao)費。今年(nian) 6 月發布的(de)《完(wan)善能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費強度(du)(du)和總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang) 雙控(kong)制度(du)(du)方案》一文中(zhong)明確，對于達到(dao)該地(di)區激勵性可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電力(li)消(xiao)納(na)責(ze)任權重的(de)地(di)區，超 出(chu)最低線以上的(de)消(xiao)納(na)量(liang)(liang)(liang)即不計入該地(di)區年(nian)度(du)(du)與五年(nian)規劃當期(qi)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)考核(he)；而 12 月召開(kai) 的(de)中(zhong)央經濟(ji)工作會議則提出(chu)“新(xin)增可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和原料用能不納(na)入能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制”。對于地(di) 方政府(fu)和工業(ye)企業(ye)而言，新(xin)建可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)項目、增加可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)納(na)都(dou)不會占用區域的(de)能耗指 標，對新(xin)能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)接受程(cheng)度(du)(du)也(ye)會大(da)大(da)提高。

綠(lv)(lv)色(se)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)試點(dian)啟動(dong)，開啟綠(lv)(lv)色(se)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力消費新(xin)模(mo)式。今年 9 月，國家發改委、國家能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan) 局(ju)共同推動(dong)在北京、廣州兩大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)中(zhong)心(xin)開展綠(lv)(lv)色(se)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)試點(dian)工作，并在中(zhong)長期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力交(jiao)易(yi)(yi) 框架(jia)下，設(she)立獨(du)立的綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)品種。通(tong)過綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)交(jiao)易(yi)(yi)，我國新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量將得到優(you)化配置，有利于(yu)促 進新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消納，服務(wu)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發展，擴大新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)接入(ru)規模(mo)，逐步(bu)構建起(qi)以新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)為主體的新(xin)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian) 力系統(tong)，助力碳達峰碳中(zhong)和目標加(jia)快實(shi)現(xian)(xian)。對于(yu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)企業(ye)來說，綠(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)包(bao)含的環境價(jia)值可以加(jia) 速企業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)轉型(xing)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)低(di)碳甚至零(ling)碳發展。