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工信部:《國家工業資源綜合利用先進適用工藝技術設備目錄(2021年版)》供需對接指南之四:廢舊動力電池利用技術裝備

發(fa)布時間(jian):2022-04-12   來源:節能(neng)與綜(zong)合利(li)用司   點(dian)擊數:43144次

工信(xin)部:《國家工業(ye)資源綜合利(li)用先進適用工藝技(ji)術設備(bei)目錄(2021年版(ban))》供需對接指南之四(si):廢舊動力(li)電(dian)池利(li)用技(ji)術裝備(bei)

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附(fu)件

《國家工(gong)業資源(yuan)綜(zong)合利用(yong)先進適用(yong)工(gong)藝技(ji)術設備(bei)目(mu)錄(2021 年版)》供需(xu)對接(jie)指(zhi)南之四動(dong)力(li)電池(chi)回(hui)收(shou)利用(yong)技(ji)術裝(zhuang)備(bei)

(一(yi))退役(yi)動(dong)力電池包柔(rou)性(xing)智能拆(chai)解系統

1.適用范(fan)圍

退(tui)役動力電池(chi)回(hui)收(shou)利用

2.技術原理及(ji)工藝(yi)

該系統(tong)運用拆解(jie)生產線(xian)多(duo)傳感器動(dong)態(tai)定(ding)位精度控制(zhi)、誤差動(dong)態(tai)反饋與補償、機(ji)器人(ren)視覺(jue)多(duo)維動(dong)態(tai)檢(jian)測技術,實現動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池的多(duo)機(ji)器人(ren)協(xie)同高效拆解(jie)。系統(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)由儲料及(ji)分料機(ji)構、上下(xia)料機(ji)構、智能(neng)轉運系統(tong)、智能(neng)拆解(jie)系統(tong)、視覺(jue)定(ding)位機(ji)構、異(yi)形包處理(li)機(ji)構、電(dian)芯檢(jian)測機(ji)構、模組(zu)碼垛機(ji)構、人(ren)機(ji)交(jiao)互(hu)系統(tong)、電(dian)控系統(tong)、MES 系統(tong)等(deng)部分組(zu)成。

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(1)儲料(liao)及分(fen)(fen)料(liao)機構:人工使用叉車將預處理后的退役動(dong)力電池包(bao)存放在(zai)指(zhi)定的物料(liao)儲存架(jia)(jia)上,系統(tong)收到(dao)(dao)分(fen)(fen)料(liao)信號時,儲存架(jia)(jia)分(fen)(fen)發一個電池包(bao)到(dao)(dao)輸(shu)送(song)鏈上,輸(shu)送(song)鏈運(yun)送(song)電池包(bao)到(dao)(dao)上下料(liao)工位。

(2)上(shang)(shang)下料(liao)機(ji)構(gou):該(gai)裝置由兩部分組成,下方為(wei)一套(tao)“X” 型(xing)(xing)升(sheng)降平臺(tai),與(yu)輸送鏈(lian)連接,可(ke)完(wan)成電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)轉運銜(xian)接;上(shang)(shang)方為(wei)一套(tao)“X”型(xing)(xing)伸縮機(ji)構(gou),機(ji)構(gou)末(mo)端(duan)根據(ju)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)特定結構(gou),連接電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)專用吊具,吊具吊爪(zhua)可(ke)根據(ju)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)尺寸(cun)進行(xing)伸縮,以適應不同(tong)規(gui)格(ge)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao),吊爪(zhua)抓取(qu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)升(sheng)降,通過控制手柄操(cao)控上(shang)(shang)端(duan)伸縮機(ji)構(gou)在軌道上(shang)(shang)移動,抓取(qu)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)進行(xing)移動,完(wan)成上(shang)(shang)下料(liao)操(cao)作。兩套(tao)裝置可(ke)單(dan)獨完(wan)成電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)下料(liao)操(cao)作,也可(ke)以配合完(wan)成,從下端(duan)軌道輸送電池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao),從上(shang)(shang)端(duan)軌道輸送拆解(jie)完(wan)后(hou)的(de)(de)空殼體。

(3)智能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)系(xi)統:由整包(bao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)、底(di)殼轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)、模(mo)(mo)組(zu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)、尾料(liao)(liao)(liao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)四個主要部分(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),分(fen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩層(ceng)結構(gou),由電控系(xi)統自動(dong)(dong)控制(zhi),配合(he)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)。拆(chai)解完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)后模(mo)(mo)組(zu)由機器人放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)模(mo)(mo)組(zu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)送(song)鏈(lian)(lian)進行(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun),尾料(liao)(liao)(liao)放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)到(dao)尾料(liao)(liao)(liao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)送(song)鏈(lian)(lian)進行(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)儲存,最后電池包(bao)殼體退回下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)輸(shu)送(song)鏈(lian)(lian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun)到(dao)輸(shu)送(song)鏈(lian)(lian)末端(duan),通過升降機提升到(dao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)輸(shu)送(song)鏈(lian)(lian)進行(xing)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運(yun)(yun)(yun),到(dao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)料(liao)(liao)(liao)機構(gou)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殼體下(xia)(xia)線作(zuo)業(ye)。

(4)智(zhi)能拆(chai)解(jie)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong):由拆(chai)解(jie)臺、桁架(jia)運動(dong)控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、三維藍光雙目視覺識別定位(wei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)拆(chai)解(jie)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)四個主(zhu)(zhu)要部分(fen)(fen)組(zu)成(cheng),整個作(zuo)業過程由人(ren)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)協作(zuo)完成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包運輸到(dao)位(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),人(ren)工掃描電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包上(shang)的(de)(de)二維碼將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包信息導入電(dian)(dian)(dian)控系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)調(diao)用相應拆(chai)解(jie)策略(lve),由桁架(jia)運動(dong)控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)配合(he)視覺定位(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)定位(wei)拆(chai)解(jie)起點后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)拆(chai)解(jie)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在桁架(jia)運動(dong)控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)配合(he)下根據拆(chai)解(jie)路(lu)徑完成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包螺(luo)栓拆(chai)解(jie),之后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)由人(ren)工配合(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)末端(duan)執行(xing)器(qi)(qi)完成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包除(chu)(chu)膠作(zuo)業,除(chu)(chu)膠完成(cheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),使用智(zhi)能提升機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)取下電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包殼(ke)(ke)蓋,手(shou)動(dong)拆(chai)除(chu)(chu)不能拆(chai)卸(xie)的(de)(de)部分(fen)(fen)小零件(銅(tong)排、冷卻管(guan)、傳感器(qi)(qi)線束等(deng)),之后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)由機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)自(zi)主(zhu)(zhu)拆(chai)解(jie)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)完成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包模組(zu)拆(chai)卸(xie),拆(chai)完模組(zu)螺(luo)栓后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)更換機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)器(qi)(qi)人(ren)末端(duan)執行(xing)器(qi)(qi)將(jiang)模組(zu)搬(ban)運到(dao)模組(zu)轉運輸送鏈,最后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)將(jiang)剩余的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包殼(ke)(ke)體退回轉運系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),完成(cheng)殼(ke)(ke)體下線作(zuo)業。

(5)視覺(jue)定(ding)位機構:使用三維(wei)雙目采(cai)集系統,采(cai)用外觸發方式進(jin)行(xing)圖(tu)像采(cai)集,外差(cha)多頻原(yuan)理進(jin)行(xing)三維(wei)重建(jian)。采(cai)集時(shi)間在0.6s 內(nei),重建(jian)在 2s 內(nei)完(wan)成(cheng),采(cai)用藍(lan)光投(tou)影儀,抗外界(jie)干(gan)擾能力強,重建(jian)精度(du)可達 0.02mm,實現高還原(yuan)度(du)的三維(wei)物體建(jian)模(mo)。

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(6)異(yi)形(xing)(xing)包(bao)(bao)處理(li)機構:主要由(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)升降平臺、折(zhe)臂吊(diao)、伸(shen)縮吊(diao)、氣(qi)源管(guan)路、控制面板(ban)等組(zu)(zu)成。由(you)(you)于退役動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)形(xing)(xing)狀各不相同,該(gai)套(tao)產(chan)線是(shi)根據常見的幾種(zhong)規模較大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)廠家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)型號、尺寸設(she)計,當遇(yu)到個(ge)別與常規電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)形(xing)(xing)狀差異(yi)很(hen)大的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)或該(gai)類電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)僅有(you)很(hen)少數量時,需使用異(yi)形(xing)(xing)包(bao)(bao)拆(chai)解(jie)(jie)(jie)臺對(dui)該(gai)異(yi)形(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)包(bao)(bao)進(jin)(jin)行單獨拆(chai)解(jie)(jie)(jie),拆(chai)解(jie)(jie)(jie)出的產(chan)品分類存放好(hao),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)模組(zu)(zu)由(you)(you)折(zhe)臂吊(diao)轉(zhuan)運至(zhi)環形(xing)(xing)軌道,運輸至(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)檢測工位(wei)進(jin)(jin)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)檢測。

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(7)模(mo)(mo)組檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)機(ji)(ji)構:該系統(tong)(tong)(tong)由三(san)維視覺檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)、紅外相機(ji)(ji)、攜有特殊(shu)測(ce)(ce)量頭(tou)的 SCARA 機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)、自(zi)動貼碼(ma)(ma)機(ji)(ji)、人(ren)機(ji)(ji)交(jiao)互界面、人(ren)工智能(neng)計(ji)算機(ji)(ji)組成。視覺系統(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的紅外相機(ji)(ji)實時檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)模(mo)(mo)組溫(wen)(wen)度,確保模(mo)(mo)組處于安全(quan)溫(wen)(wen)度后(hou)(hou),三(san)維檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)開始(shi)工作,檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)到電極位置后(hou)(hou),帶有測(ce)(ce)量頭(tou)的機(ji)(ji)器(qi)人(ren)到達(da)指定位置開始(shi)測(ce)(ce)試(shi),在電池測(ce)(ce)試(shi)儀中(zhong)可讀取到電池性(xing)能(neng)參數,最后(hou)(hou)完成自(zi)動打碼(ma)(ma)貼碼(ma)(ma)工作。

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3.技術(shu)指標

(1)智能化(hua)拆解技術兼容電(dian)池(chi)包(bao)種類或規(gui)格達(da) 20 種以上;

(2)視覺定(ding)位(wei)機(ji)構定(ding)位(wei)精(jing)度(du)至(zhi)少達到(dao) 0.05mm,并且定(ding)位(wei)準(zhun)確度(du)不低(di)于 98%;

(3)平均單個模組拆卸效率(lv)不低于 60s/個,模組無損拆解破(po)損良率(lv)不低于 98%;

(4)智能(neng)拆解工作(zuo)站兼(jian)容(rong) 3 種以上模組(zu)尺寸,模組(zu)吊裝時間不超過 15s/個;

(5)動(dong)力電池無損檢測分級(ji)效率不低(di)于(yu) 30 個/min,模組健(jian)康(kang)狀態及電池性能快速檢測準確率大于(yu) 90%。

4.技術(shu)功能特性

(1)基于(yu)人工智(zhi)能技術(shu)建立一套柔性智(zhi)能拆解(jie)系統,針對動力(li)電池包的具體(ti)型號、結構(gou)信(xin)息實現拆解(jie)序列、拆解(jie)深度及拆解(jie)參數的實時決策(ce)和推理規劃(hua)。

(2)開(kai)發基于快速三維形(xing)貌測量技術(shu)的機械(xie)臂智(zhi)能抓取系統,采用工業相(xiang)機、工業投影儀、攝像頭、機械(xie)臂系統、激光傳(chuan)感器 VL53L0、編碼器、壓力傳(chuan)感器 RFP602 和 STM32 控制器等(deng)搭(da)建一套智(zhi)能抓取系統。

(3)設(she)計一套(tao)智(zhi)能機器人倉儲物(wu)流系統(tong)及總(zong)控調度系統(tong),提高倉儲的效(xiao)率和質量。

(4)搭建(jian)一套集拆解計劃(hua)管(guan)理、物料庫存管(guan)理、過程(cheng)管(guan)理、實時監控管(guan)理、質量監督管(guan)理等于一體的(de)智能(neng) MES 系(xi)統,為電池包拆解全流程(cheng)提供科(ke)學化(hua)、透明化(hua)的(de)數據支持。

5.應用(yong)案(an)例

格林美股份有限公司正在對該系統關鍵技術(shu)進行(xing)研發(fa),目前系統處于(yu)擴大拆解知識庫、識別模型庫、拆解圖像標(biao)注庫、拆解過(guo)程信息庫等關鍵技術(shu)的(de)開發(fa)階段。初步設計可兼容 20余(yu)種結(jie)構和拆解工藝相似的(de)動力電池(chi)包(bao),完(wan)成電池(chi)包(bao)上蓋螺(luo)絲、密封膠(jiao)、銅排、冷卻管、傳(chuan)感器(qi)線束(shu)等的(de)智(zhi)能(neng)拆解作業。

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6.未(wei)來(lai)推(tui)廣前景

隨著動力電(dian)池退(tui)役量增多(duo),廢(fei)舊動力電(dian)池的(de)拆解回收和梯次利(li)(li)用(yong)市(shi)(shi)場將(jiang)迎(ying)來爆發(fa)式(shi)增長。該技術(shu)裝備借助人工(gong)智能、物聯網(wang)、大數據、云計算等(deng)信息技術(shu),將(jiang)退(tui)役動力電(dian)池的(de)手工(gong)拆解、機械拆解模式(shi)轉變(bian)為自動化(hua)、智能化(hua)拆解方式(shi),實(shi)現(xian)多(duo)品別、多(duo)規(gui)(gui)格動力電(dian)池的(de)智能化(hua)、規(gui)(gui)模化(hua)、綠色化(hua)拆解,有利(li)(li)于提高資源化(hua)利(li)(li)用(yong)率、減(jian)少環境污染等(deng),具有較高的(de)推(tui)廣應用(yong)價值(zhi),市(shi)(shi)場空(kong)間非常廣闊(kuo)。

(二)廢舊鋰(li)離子(zi)電池清潔(jie)高效回(hui)收利用技術與(yu)裝(zhuang)備

1.適用范圍

廢鋰電池回收利用

2.技術原理及工藝

該技(ji)術裝備以(yi)退役(yi)后(hou)不(bu)能梯(ti)次利用的廢舊動力電池(chi)為(wei)原料,采用絕氧(yang)破碎(sui)(sui)、熱(re)解(jie)、濕式(shi)剝離的技(ji)術,實現(xian)廢舊磷酸(suan)鐵鋰、三元鋰電、3C 類電池(chi)及廢極(ji)片的兼(jian)容破碎(sui)(sui)和(he)有價組分(fen)綠(lv)色回收,主要由柔性上料及安(an)全帶(dai)電破碎(sui)(sui)系統、高溫熱(re)解(jie)系統、極(ji)粉濕法剝離及多級分(fen)選(xuan)回收系統、尾氣和(he)廢水(shui)處(chu)理系統、監控系統、電器控制系統等組成。

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3.技術(shu)指標

極粉回收率≥95%;銅(tong)箔、鋁箔產(chan)品純度達 97%以上;污染

物達標(biao)排放。

4.技術功能特性

(1)利用廢舊(jiu)(jiu)動力鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)柔性上(shang)料及安全帶電破(po)碎(sui)技術,實現廢舊(jiu)(jiu)鋰(li)(li)電池(chi)的(de)高效(xiao)綠色預處(chu)(chu)理,提高預處(chu)(chu)理效(xiao)率。

(2)利用電解液無害(hai)化耦合技術及(ji)極(ji)粉濕法高效脫(tuo)落(luo)技術,實現電解液等有害(hai)組(zu)分的(de)深度脫(tuo)除和正極(ji)粉的(de)高效脫(tuo)落(luo),剝(bo)離得到的(de)極(ji)粉純度達 95%以上。

(3)利用有價組分綠色回(hui)收(shou)技術,實現(xian)銅、鋁等有價金屬回(hui)收(shou)。

5.應用(yong)案例

湖南江冶機電科技(ji)股(gu)份(fen)有(you)限公(gong)司(si)研制(zhi)的“年(nian)處(chu)理(li) 5000 噸(dun)(dun)廢(fei)舊(jiu)鋰(li)離子電池(chi)清潔(jie)高效回(hui)(hui)收利用(yong)技(ji)術與裝備(bei)”已(yi)在金(jin)川集團股(gu)份(fen)有(you)限公(gong)司(si)投入(ru)生產運行,實現廢(fei)舊(jiu)鋰(li)電池(chi)無害化、規模化處(chu)置,有(you)效提(ti)高正(zheng)負極(ji)粉回(hui)(hui)收率。2022 年(nian)第 1 季度,該(gai)生產線(xian)回(hui)(hui)收處(chu)理(li)廢(fei)鋰(li)電池(chi)約 1000 噸(dun)(dun),生產極(ji)粉約 437 噸(dun)(dun),銅箔約 114噸(dun)(dun),鋁箔約 38 噸(dun)(dun),金(jin)屬外殼約 152 噸(dun)(dun)。

6.未(wei)來推廣(guang)前景(jing)

該(gai)技(ji)術裝備可實現廢(fei)舊磷酸鐵鋰、三元鋰電(dian)、3C 類電(dian)池及(ji)電(dian)池廠極片料的(de)兼容破碎(sui)分選,可處理方殼、圓柱、軟包電(dian)池、手機電(dian)池等(deng) 20 余種廢(fei)舊鋰電(dian)池,建立低成本綠色循環(huan)利用技(ji)術體系(xi),形成系(xi)統解決方案,為再生利用企業及(ji)車(che)企等(deng)實現規模化回收利用提供技(ji)術裝備支撐(cheng),具有良好的(de)推廣應用前景。

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