發布時間(jian):2023-10-27 來源:長沙市生態(tai)環境(jing)局(ju) 點(dian)擊數(shu):35634次
湖南省長沙市(shi)大力推進(jin)動力電(dian)池回收 助力無廢城市(shi)建設
隨著新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車產(chan)業(ye)高速(su)發展(zhan),退役動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)池(chi)回收產(chan)業(ye)得到國(guo)家(jia)與(yu)行業(ye)的高度關注(zhu)。根(gen)據(ju)中國(guo)工(gong)業(ye)節能(neng)與(yu)清潔生產(chan)協會(hui)新能(neng)源(yuan)電(dian)池(chi)回收利用專業(ye)委(wei)員會(hui)預測,2023—2025年新能(neng)源(yuan)汽車動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)池(chi)退役量可達(da)58萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)、70萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)、78萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),2030年與(yu)2035年將分別達(da)到500萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)與(yu)800萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),市場(chang)規模達(da)2000億(yi)以(yi)上。退役動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)池(chi)富含鎳(nie)鈷(gu)鋰等有價金屬,具有很(hen)高經濟與(yu)戰略(lve)資源(yuan)保障價值(zhi),但同時若處理不當(dang)也會(hui)導致很(hen)嚴(yan)重(zhong)的安(an)全與(yu)環保風險,因(yin)此近些年國(guo)家(jia)密(mi)集出臺多項政(zheng)策(ce)支持回收行業(ye)規范發展(zhan)。退役動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)池(chi)回收產(chan)業(ye)在(zai)政(zheng)策(ce)支持與(yu)市場(chang)驅動(dong)(dong)下高速(su)發展(zhan)。
湖南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)度重視新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車動(dong)力(li)(li)電池回(hui)收(shou)(shou)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)發展(zhan)發展(zhan),2018年成為工信部新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車動(dong)力(li)(li)電池回(hui)收(shou)(shou)利(li)用首批(pi)試(shi)點省(sheng)(sheng)份(fen),共45家(jia)單位參與試(shi)點工作(zuo),其中長(chang)(chang)(chang)沙(sha)市有(you)26家(jia),占(zhan)比超過55%。截至2022年12月,湖南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)符(fu)合(he)(he)《新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車廢(fei)舊動(dong)力(li)(li)蓄(xu)電池綜(zong)合(he)(he)利(li)用行(xing)業(ye)(ye)規(gui)范條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)》企(qi)業(ye)(ye)11家(jia),其中長(chang)(chang)(chang)沙(sha)市6家(jia),2022年該6家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)相關業(ye)(ye)務總(zong)營收(shou)(shou)超過150億元,占(zhan)湖南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)所有(you)回(hui)收(shou)(shou)利(li)用企(qi)業(ye)(ye)營收(shou)(shou)80%以(yi)上。2023年湖南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)共有(you)8家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)申報(bao)《新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車廢(fei)舊動(dong)力(li)(li)蓄(xu)電池綜(zong)合(he)(he)利(li)用行(xing)業(ye)(ye)規(gui)范條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)》企(qi)業(ye)(ye),其中長(chang)(chang)(chang)沙(sha)市達4家(jia)。可見長(chang)(chang)(chang)沙(sha)市新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車動(dong)力(li)(li)電池回(hui)收(shou)(shou)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)已成為湖南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)該產(chan)業(ye)(ye)的主(zhu)力(li)(li)軍(jun)。
長沙市目前已形成退(tui)役動力電(dian)池“回收(shou)體(ti)系(xi)—梯次利(li)用—再生利(li)用”全(quan)產業鏈布(bu)局(ju)。
(一)搭(da)建了以共享回收平臺“鋰(li)匯通”為樞紐的(de)回收網(wang)絡體系
針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)廢舊動力電池(chi)高度流動、高度分(fen)散、且存在安(an)全環保(bao)隱(yin)患的(de)特性(xing),針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)單個企業(ye)履責成本高昂的(de)行業(ye)堵點、針(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)安(an)全環保(bao)的(de)國家關切痛(tong)點,長沙市提出了以基于互聯網(wang)的(de)共享回收(shou)平(ping)臺“鋰(li)匯通”為樞紐的(de)回收(shou)網(wang)絡模式。
“鋰(li)(li)匯通”面向新(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車生產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和運(yun)(yun)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)生產(chan)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和運(yun)(yun)營企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、報廢(fei)汽(qi)(qi)車拆解企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、廢(fei)舊動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)回收(shou)(shou)利用企(qi)業(ye)(ye)及新(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車消費者等(deng)全方(fang)位服務(wu)(wu)對象(xiang),提(ti)(ti)供(gong)高效(xiao)安全環保的(de)新(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)逆向收(shou)(shou)集(ji)共享服務(wu)(wu)及基于大數據分(fen)析(xi)的(de)殘值評(ping)(ping)價建模、企(qi)業(ye)(ye)決策定(ding)制等(deng)增值服務(wu)(wu),通過線(xian)(xian)上牽引、線(xian)(xian)下(xia)網(wang)點(收(shou)(shou)集(ji)+區(qu)域(yu)中心)與物(wu)流優(you)化(hua)的(de)支撐(cheng),形(xing)成“廢(fei)舊電(dian)(dian)池(chi)殘值評(ping)(ping)價—交易—檢測分(fen)級—破(po)碎加(jia)工—物(wu)流優(you)化(hua)配送(song)—數據服務(wu)(wu)”的(de)一站式電(dian)(dian)池(chi)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)閉環服務(wu)(wu)。加(jia)盟企(qi)業(ye)(ye)可以將電(dian)(dian)池(chi)物(wu)權(quan)轉(zhuan)移(yi)給(gei)第三方(fang)平臺(tai),也可以不轉(zhuan)移(yi)物(wu)權(quan),第三方(fang)平臺(tai)只提(ti)(ti)供(gong)收(shou)(shou)集(ji)、檢測評(ping)(ping)價分(fen)級、物(wu)流優(you)化(hua)服務(wu)(wu)。鋰(li)(li)匯通平臺(tai)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)鏈定(ding)位如(ru)圖1所示。
鋰匯通平臺產業鏈定位
鋰匯通以大規模的專業化運(yun)營(ying),大幅度降低(di)“收(shou)集(ji)”網(wang)絡的建設(she)投資與運(yun)營(ying)成本,有效控制安全環(huan)保風險(xian)。
對(dui)(dui)上游責任企業(ye)(車企+電池企業(ye))而言,利(li)用(yong)平臺(tai)(tai)規(gui)(gui)模效應以(yi)及透明的供需信息,實現低(di)成本規(gui)(gui)范收集高度(du)流動高度(du)分散的物料。對(dui)(dui)下游綜(zong)合(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)企業(ye)(梯(ti)次+再(zai)生利(li)用(yong)企業(ye))而言,利(li)用(yong)平臺(tai)(tai)增值服務(wu),將以(yi)合(he)(he)理價格獲得質與量相對(dui)(dui)穩定的原料。在(zai)國家社會(hui)層面,大體量規(gui)(gui)模化(hua)的專(zhuan)業(ye)運營,更(geng)加有(you)利(li)于安全環(huan)保監管,有(you)效控制安全環(huan)保風(feng)險。
以第(di)三方共(gong)享(xiang)回收平臺為樞紐的(de)回收網絡體系,有效解決(jue)了收集廢舊(jiu)動力電池所面臨的(de)“成本、原料(liao)、安全環(huan)保”三大難題,具有很高(gao)的(de)借鑒(jian)推廣(guang)價值。
(二)創新梯次利用(yong)商業(ye)模式,形(xing)成(cheng)試點示范(fan)
梯次(ci)利用(yong)(yong)產品高度受制于退(tui)(tui)役(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的來(lai)源與(yu)應用(yong)(yong)場景,為破解困局(ju),長(chang)沙(sha)市(shi)通過充(chong)分調研(yan)(yan)論證(zheng),發(fa)現城市(shi)公(gong)(gong)共(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通工(gong)具電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車化(hua)率高,退(tui)(tui)役(yi)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)相對集中,隨著(zhu)各城市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)(wang)峰(feng)谷價(jia)格差價(jia)的不斷(duan)增大,公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)場對儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的需求(qiu)越來(lai)越強烈。在(zai)長(chang)沙(sha)市(shi)工(gong)信局(ju)的支(zhi)持下,長(chang)沙(sha)礦(kuang)冶院與(yu)負(fu)(fu)責長(chang)沙(sha)公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)場建設(she)的長(chang)沙(sha)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通投資(zi)(zi)集團,達(da)成(cheng)了共(gong)建共(gong)營(ying)長(chang)沙(sha)公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)場“光儲(chu)充(chong)”一體化(hua)的梯次(ci)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)的合作模式,由(you)長(chang)沙(sha)礦(kuang)冶院負(fu)(fu)責梯次(ci)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產品與(yu)充(chong)儲(chu)系(xi)統(tong)的研(yan)(yan)發(fa)、制造、安(an)裝與(yu)運營(ying)維護(hu),長(chang)沙(sha)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通投資(zi)(zi)集團負(fu)(fu)責提(ti)供退(tui)(tui)役(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、承擔建設(she)投資(zi)(zi),雙(shuang)方共(gong)享運營(ying)收益(yi)。首個(ge)示范(fan)項(xiang)目在(zai)長(chang)沙(sha)格林香山公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)車充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)場建成(cheng)并(bing)投入(ru)運營(ying),項(xiang)目以(yi)長(chang)沙(sha)寶駿巴(ba)(ba)士、龍(long)驤巴(ba)(ba)士和湖南巴(ba)(ba)士三(san)家公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)公(gong)(gong)司的退(tui)(tui)役(yi)磷酸鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),將公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)巴(ba)(ba)士充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)場建成(cheng)“光伏+儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)+充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁+市(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”的微網(wang)(wang)系(xi)統(tong),實現多能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)互補(bu)、削峰(feng)填谷、離網(wang)(wang)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng),為170余輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)公(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)車提(ti)供充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)任(ren)務。項(xiang)目獲得削峰(feng)填谷收益(yi)26.62萬元/年(nian),同(tong)時,與(yu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)新電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)系(xi)統(tong)相比,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)梯次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的第一年(nian)現金(jin)投入(ru)成(cheng)本降(jiang)低52萬元,稅后(hou)內部收益(yi)率提(ti)高3.77個(ge)百分點。項(xiang)目能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源環(huan)境效益(yi)顯著(zhu),年(nian)均減(jian)少標(biao)準煤耗68噸,減(jian)少二氧化(hua)碳排(pai)放(fang)量145.16噸。
長沙格(ge)林香(xiang)山公交車梯次產(chan)品光(guang)儲(chu)充一體(ti)化充電站(zhan)場,在(zai)創新核(he)心技術的(de)同(tong)時,創新了(le)商業模式,使梯次產(chan)品研(yan)發制(zhi)造(zao)方與(yu)應用場景方形成緊(jin)密(mi)的(de)利益共同(tong)體(ti),并且是(shi)在(zai)動力電池使用量大(da)的(de)公共交通領域示范應用,其借(jie)鑒推(tui)廣價值十分(fen)重大(da)。
(三)持續優化再生(sheng)利用技(ji)術,新(xin)建項(xiang)目產能(neng)翻(fan)翻(fan)
針(zhen)對拆解(jie)(jie)破(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)難(nan)題(ti),江冶機(ji)電(dian)(dian)研發(fa)(fa)了(le)“安全帶電(dian)(dian)破(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)-電(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液無(wu)害化(hua)耦合(he)技術(shu)-極粉濕法高效脫落-有價組(zu)分綠(lv)色回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)”的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)套(tao)處理技術(shu),同時兼顧過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)安全與(yu)環境(jing)污染源頭防控,形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)萬噸級(ji)拆解(jie)(jie)破(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)成(cheng)(cheng)套(tao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)研發(fa)(fa)與(yu)制造能力(li)。針(zhen)對回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)技術(shu)難(nan)題(ti),長沙(sha)礦冶研究院以(yi)“動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池選擇性浸出(chu)-有價資源再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)”為主(zhu)線開(kai)展研究開(kai)發(fa)(fa),建立了(le)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池能量(liang)安全拆解(jie)(jie)與(yu)材料循(xun)環的(de)模擬示范(fan)系統,提出(chu)電(dian)(dian)極廢料短流(liu)程(cheng)高值化(hua)的(de)清潔利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)等關鍵技術(shu)及裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)集成(cheng)(cheng),建成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)一條年處理量(liang)5000t動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池免放電(dian)(dian)清潔安全拆解(jie)(jie)示范(fan)線;湖南金(jin)源新材開(kai)發(fa)(fa)了(le)“再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)工業(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)中硫(liu)(liu)酸鈉資源化(hua)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)技術(shu)”,從再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)工業(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)中回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)硫(liu)(liu)酸鈉,并通過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)析(xi)法將其(qi)分解(jie)(jie)成(cheng)(cheng)硫(liu)(liu)酸和氫氧化(hua)鈉,反哺(bu)給再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)前端流(liu)程(cheng),大幅(fu)降(jiang)低(di)廢舊電(dian)(dian)池綜合(he)回(hui)(hui)收(shou)(shou)成(cheng)(cheng)本,又解(jie)(jie)決了(le)廢水(shui)(shui)中硫(liu)(liu)酸鈉難(nan)處置(zhi)這個鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)利(li)(li)(li)用(yong)產業(ye)的(de)共性難(nan)題(ti)。
隨著(zhu)技(ji)術不斷革新(xin),新(xin)建項目也不斷涌現(xian),預計2022-2025期(qi)間,長沙(sha)(sha)市電池回收利用產能將新(xin)增30-40萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),其中邦(bang)普循(xun)環(huan)10萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)、金(jin)源新(xin)材(cai)10萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)、金(jin)馳能源5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)、長沙(sha)(sha)金(jin)凱循(xun)環(huan)5萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun)。
(來源:長沙(sha)市生態環境局)
凡本網(wang)注(zhu)明“來源:CELVE,報廢(fei)汽車產鏈專(zhuan)業(ye)服務平臺"的所有作品(pin),均為報廢(fei)機(ji)動(dong)車回收拆(chai)解與再利用(yong)(yong)信息網(wang)合法擁有版權(quan)或(huo)有權(quan)使用(yong)(yong)的作品(pin),任(ren)何媒(mei)體、網(wang)站或(huo)個人(ren)未(wei)經本網(wang)協議授權(quan)不得轉載、鏈接、轉貼或(huo)以其(qi)他方式復制發布。
已經本(ben)(ben)網授權使用作(zuo)品(pin)的媒體、網站和個人(ren),應在授權范圍內使用,并(bing)注明“來源:CELVE,報廢汽車(che)產鏈專業(ye)服務平臺”。違反上述聲明者,本(ben)(ben)網將追究其相關(guan)法律責(ze)任。
凡本網(wang)注明(ming)“來源(yuan): XxXx (CELVE,報廢汽(qi)車產鏈專業服務平臺)”的文(wen)字(zi)、圖片,均轉(zhuan)載(zai)(zai)自其它媒體,轉(zhuan)載(zai)(zai)目的在于(yu)傳遞(di)更多信息,并(bing)不代表本網(wang)贊(zan)同其觀(guan)點和(he)對其真實性負責。