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依托監管平(ping)臺，實現固體廢物信息(xi)化(hua)管理。中山市(shi)通過第二 次全國污染源普查(cha)、廣東省固體廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)環境監管(guan)系統對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)固體廢(fei) 物(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)(sheng)及(ji)處理處置情況進行(xing)清查(cha)，并于2019年(nian)?2020年(nian)完成危 險(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)產廢(fei)量(liang)1噸以上(shang)企業(ye)(ye)和一(yi)般工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)固體廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)產廢(fei)量(liang)100噸以 上(shang)企業(ye)(ye)的固體廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)申報登記數(shu)據核查(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)固體廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)(sheng) 底數(shu)進行(xing)摸查(cha)。

基本(ben)實(shi)(shi)現危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)全過程監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)。依托廣東(dong)省固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)平(ping)臺，實(shi)(shi)現危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)申(shen)(shen)報(bao)登記、年度管(guan)(guan)理(li)計(ji)劃(hua)備(bei)案、經營(ying)單(dan)位年報(bao)、 聯單(dan)運(yun)行等(deng)信息化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)。加強了對(dui)(dui)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)、貯存、運(yun)輸(shu)、 利用(yong)、處(chu)置等(deng)全過程生(sheng)命(ming)周期(qi)進行監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)。根據中山(shan)市危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)工作(zuo)情況，中山(shan)市于2019年量身(shen)打(da)造了固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)在線監(jian)(jian)控(kong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)平(ping) 臺，該平(ping)臺兼具危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)技術(shu)數據收集、管(guan)(guan)理(li)和轉(zhuan)移計(ji)劃(hua)申(shen)(shen)請、 危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)規范化(hua)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、利用(yong)處(chu)理(li)設施管(guan)(guan)理(li)、分析決策和輔助執(zhi)法 等(deng)功能，從全生(sheng)命(ming)周期(qi)跟蹤危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)入(ru)庫、出庫、運(yun)輸(shu)、到轉(zhuan)移 至危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)經營(ying)單(dan)位利用(yong)處(chu)置，可實(shi)(shi)現對(dui)(dui)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)轉(zhuan)移全過程監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)。

持續提升監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)人(ren)員執法水平(ping)(ping)，強化(hua)(hua)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。 2018-2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)山市(shi)生(sheng)態環境局(ju)連續印(yin)發《中(zhong)山市(shi)固體廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物專(zhuan)項 排查整治(zhi)(zhi)工作方案(an)(an)》，2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)山市(shi)安全(quan)生(sheng)產委員會辦(ban)公室(shi)印(yin) 發了(le)《中(zhong)山市(shi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物等安全(quan)專(zhuan)項整治(zhi)(zhi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)行(xing)動實施方案(an)(an)重點任 務推進路線(xian)圖(tu)》，2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)山市(shi)生(sheng)態環境局(ju)制定了(le)《2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)危(wei)(wei)(wei) 險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作方案(an)(an)》，對危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作進行(xing) 科學謀劃布局(ju)，明確(que)固體廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)要求。2018~2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)間相繼開(kai) 展多(duo)次危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)培訓，解讀危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)政策, 并開(kai)展信息(xi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)平(ping)(ping)臺、執法監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)系統(tong)等智(zhi)慧(hui)化(hua)(hua)平(ping)(ping)臺運用培訓，監(jian) 管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)人(ren)員執法水平(ping)(ping)明顯提升，有(you)效助力危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)物的監(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工作。

3.多措并舉減量增(zeng)效

一(yi)是淘(tao)(tao)汰落后(hou)產(chan)(chan)能，2017年(nian)?2018年(nian)間(jian)累計(ji)淘(tao)(tao)汰印染行業6家(jia)企業，其落后(hou)產(chan)(chan)能共計(ji)14949萬(wan)米。同時，根據《中山(shan)市2021 年(nian)推動落后(hou)產(chan)(chan)能退出(chu)工作方案(an)》和相關產(chan)(chan)業政(zheng)策規定(ding)，對重點行 業企業落后(hou)工藝裝備進行排查(cha)，淘(tao)(tao)汰拆(chai)除，并對已關停(ting)或(huo)退出(chu)的(de) 落后(hou)產(chan)(chan)能開展復查(cha)和督導檢查(cha)。此外，還(huan)通過強化用電、稅(shui)收監(jian) 管等方式，打擊違法(fa)生產(chan)(chan)和銷售“地條鋼"行為，確(que)保不達標的(de) 過剩產(chan)(chan)能徹底退出(chu)。

二是全(quan)面(mian)推行清潔(jie)生(sheng)產(chan)，2016~2021年全(quan)市共計(ji)(ji)(ji)493家(jia)企(qi)業(ye) 通過清潔(jie)生(sheng)產(chan)審(shen)核驗收(shou)；推動綠(lv)色工廠與園區(qu)，現(xian)已打造(zao)綠(lv)色工 廠11家(jia)，綠(lv)色產(chan)品(pin)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)企(qi)業(ye)6家(jia)（共計(ji)(ji)(ji)32個(ge)(ge)產(chan)品(pin)），綠(lv)色供應 鏈管理企(qi)業(ye)4家(jia)，廣東(dong)省循環(huan)化改造(zao)試點園區(qu)2個(ge)(ge)（中山火炬髙 技(ji)術產(chan)業(ye)開(kai)發區(qu)和(he)華(hua)南現(xian)代中醫藥(yao)城）。

三是(shi)實(shi)施綠(lv)(lv)色發展(zhan)資助，中山市工(gong)(gong)業和信息化(hua)局2021年印 發實(shi)施《中山市工(gong)(gong)業綠(lv)(lv)色發展(zhan)項目資助實(shi)施細(xi)則》，力爭(zheng)用3年 左(zuo)右時間，引導240家企(qi)業開展(zhan)清(qing)潔生產(chan)，200家通過(guo)清(qing)潔生產(chan) 驗收，企(qi)業通過(guo)資源(yuan)能源(yuan)節約(yue)實(shi)現經濟效(xiao)益3000萬元，提升(sheng)企(qi) 業綠(lv)(lv)色化(hua)生產(chan)水平。

4.處置短板逐步補齊

逐步補齊危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)處(chu)置短板，有(you)(you)序推進危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)處(chu)置項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)。 過去幾年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)充(chong)分意識危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)處(chu)置能(neng)力不足(zu)，已建(jian)成投產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 山(shan)市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)環(huan)(huan)環(huan)(huan)保廢(fei)(fei)液回(hui)收(shou)有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司擴(kuo)建(jian)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)綜合利用項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu) （14800噸(dun)(dun)/年(nian)(nian)(nian)）、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)威曼環(huan)(huan)保科技有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司擴(kuo)建(jian)飛灰處(chu)置項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang) 目(mu)（29200噸(dun)(dun)/年(nian)(nian)(nian)）、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)康(kang)豐綠色(se)工業服務中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)（56500 噸(dun)(dun)/年(nian)(nian)(nian)）、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)三角髙平污(wu)水處(chu)理廠有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司危(wei)(wei)(wei)廢(fei)(fei)無害化處(chu)置 項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)（3100噸(dun)(dun)/年(nian)(nian)(nian)）、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晟(sheng)環(huan)(huan)境科技有(you)(you)限(xian)公(gong)司等(deng)離(li)子體(ti)氣化 熔融項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)（35977噸(dun)(dun)/年(nian)(nian)(nian)）。以上(shang)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)有(you)(you)效緩解(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)處(chu) 置能(neng)力不足(zu)、結構失衡(heng)的問(wen)題。

5.積極防(fang)范化解風險(xian)

持(chi)續開(kai)展(zhan)固(gu)(gu)廢(fei)(fei)專(zhuan)項排(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha)整治工作。2018年(nian)-2021年(nian)中山(shan)市生(sheng)(sheng) 態環(huan)境(jing)局聯合各有關部(bu)門持(chi)續開(kai)展(zhan)固(gu)(gu)體廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)專(zhuan)項排(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha)整治工作， 對(dui)固(gu)(gu)體廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)產生(sheng)(sheng)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)及經營處置(zhi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)、機動車維修企(qi)業(ye)(ye)及危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei) 物(wu)(wu)運輸車輛進行(xing)深入排(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha)，嚴厲(li)打(da)擊違法處置(zhi)固(gu)(gu)體廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)行(xing)為(wei)。為(wei) 積極有效防范化(hua)解我市固(gu)(gu)體廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)非(fei)法轉(zhuan)移、傾倒、處置(zhi)固(gu)(gu)體廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu) 行(xing)為(wei)，保障(zhang)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)安全，開(kai)展(zhan)了涉鋁灰(hui)渣行(xing)業(ye)(ye)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)項違法打(da) 擊行(xing)動，企(qi)業(ye)(ye)申報登記、管理計劃、轉(zhuan)移聯單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)和臺賬管理等情(qing)況 進行(xing)專(zhuan)項抽查(cha)(cha)(cha)行(xing)動，危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)重點(dian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)及危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)經營單(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)進行(xing) 專(zhuan)項檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)行(xing)動，危(wei)險廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)運輸企(qi)業(ye)(ye)全覆蓋(gai)檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)檢查(cha)(cha)(cha)行(xing)動，機動車 拆解企(qi)業(ye)(ye)專(zhuan)項抽查(cha)(cha)(cha)行(xing)動。

建立一般工(gong)業(ye)(ye)固(gu)體廢(fei)物風(feng)險源(yuan)數據庫，為(wei)全市一般工(gong)業(ye)(ye)固(gu)體 廢(fei)物風(feng)險防范提供有效數據支撐。2019年對中山市產生城鎮(zhen)污(wu)(wu) 水(shui)廠(chang)污(wu)(wu)泥(ni)、印(yin)染污(wu)(wu)泥(ni)、造紙污(wu)(wu)泥(ni)和日化污(wu)(wu)泥(ni)等重點種類一般工(gong)業(ye)(ye) 固(gu)體廢(fei)物風(feng)險源(yuan)企業(ye)(ye)進行(xing)全面調查，建立中山市重點種類一般工(gong) 業(ye)(ye)固(gu)體廢(fei)物風(feng)險源(yuan)數據庫。

突(tu)發(fa)(fa)環(huan)境事(shi)(shi)故(gu)應急(ji)制度實現(xian)危(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)經(jing)營單(dan)位全覆蓋(gai)。為健 全突(tu)發(fa)(fa)環(huan)境事(shi)(shi)件(jian)應急(ji)機制，規范(fan)和提髙(gao)突(tu)發(fa)(fa)環(huan)境事(shi)(shi)件(jian)應急(ji)處(chu)置能 力，2020年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)印發(fa)(fa)了《中(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)生態環(huan)境局突(tu)發(fa)(fa)環(huan)境事(shi)(shi)件(jian)應 急(ji)預案》，并(bing)發(fa)(fa)布《中(zhong)山(shan)市(shi)生態環(huan)境局企業(ye)事(shi)(shi)業(ye)單(dan)位突(tu)發(fa)(fa)環(huan)境事(shi)(shi) 件(jian)應急(ji)預案管理辦(ban)法》（2022年(nian)(nian)版(ban)）》。根據《危(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)規范(fan) 化管理指標體系》要求(qiu)，全市(shi)危(wei)險(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)經(jing)營單(dan)位均已全部完成意(yi) 外事(shi)(shi)故(gu)防范(fan)措施和環(huan)境事(shi)(shi)故(gu)應急(ji)預案編制工作。

（四）存在的問題

1.源(yuan)頭(tou)減(jian)量及資(zi)源(yuan)綜合利用不足

一方面由于多元化綜合利用(yong)途徑(jing)不(bu)足，資(zi)(zi)源化水平和產品附 加值(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)低，加之激勵補(bu)貼政策較(jiao)(jiao)少，缺乏鼓勵源頭(tou)減(jian)量、資(zi)(zi)源再 生(sheng)利用(yong)的法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規和管理(li)措施，企業(ye)(ye)(ye)施行清潔(jie)生(sheng)產、利用(yong)固(gu)(gu)體廢 物(wu)的積極性不(bu)髙，固(gu)(gu)體廢物(wu)源頭(tou)減(jian)量化、關建技術攻關和資(zi)(zi)源綜 合利用(yong)投入不(bu)足，導(dao)致(zhi)中山市(shi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)固(gu)(gu)體廢物(wu)產生(sheng)量仍處(chu)于髙位(wei)運(yun) 行。另一方面由于產廢企業(ye)(ye)(ye)主體責任落實不(bu)到位(wei)，疏(shu)于工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)固(gu)(gu)體 廢物(wu)源頭(tou)分類(lei)，與固(gu)(gu)體廢物(wu)利用(yong)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)之間沒有(you)建立廣泛有(you)效協作 機制，使(shi)得固(gu)(gu)體廢物(wu)無(wu)法(fa)充分有(you)效地(di)資(zi)(zi)源化和綜合利用(yong)。

2.—般工(gong)業固廢物底數不清(qing)

由于我市(shi)一般(ban)(ban)工(gong)業(ye)固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物涉及(ji)企(qi)業(ye)數量多(duo)、行業(ye)眾多(duo)、種 類復雜(za)多(duo)樣(yang)、地域分布(bu)零(ling)散，對(dui)比中山(shan)市(shi)固(gu)定污染(ran)源排污許可(ke)管 理(li)平(ping)臺數據，中山(shan)市(shi)僅有(you)約(yue)12%企(qi)業(ye)在平(ping)臺上(shang)申報一般(ban)(ban)固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物 產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)與利(li)(li)用(yong)處置情況，缺(que)乏對(dui)“小散雜(za)亂"的有(you)效統計口(kou)徑，一 般(ban)(ban)工(gong)業(ye)固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)、利(li)(li)用(yong)及(ji)處置環節信息仍掌握(wo)不全(quan)面，因而 一般(ban)(ban)工(gong)業(ye)固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)底數仍不夠清(qing)晰。

3.危險廢物收運體系還有待完善

中(zhong)山市危(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)以(yi)小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)為主(zhu)，超(chao)過80%的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye) 危(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)量(liang)低于(yu)1噸，超(chao)過90%的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)危(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)年(nian)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)量(liang) 少(shao)于(yu)10噸，社會源(yuan)危(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)樣存在(zai)分(fen)布(bu)散(san)、數量(liang)小(xiao)、種類(lei)(lei)多 的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。中(zhong)山市目前僅有(you)中(zhong)山市寶綠工業(ye)(ye)固體危(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)儲運(yun)管理 有(you)限公司經營類(lei)(lei)別較全(quan)面，針對危(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)、科(ke)研機構、 學校等建立專門的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)中(zhong)收(shou)集(ji)貯(zhu)存體系還未完善。危(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)收(shou)運(yun)途 徑不(bu)暢，導致無法(fa)(fa)及時收(shou)集(ji)小(xiao)微(wei)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)量(liang)危(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)，一(yi)方 面帶來環境(jing)安(an)全(quan)隱患，一(yi)方面也造成工業(ye)(ye)危(wei)險(xian)廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)貯(zhu)存能力過剩、 空間分(fen)布(bu)分(fen)散(san)等問(wen)題。同(tong)時由于(yu)小(xiao)散(san)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)多，企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)缺(que)少(shao)固體廢物(wu)(wu)(wu) 管理制度與意識，導致工業(ye)(ye)固體廢物(wu)(wu)(wu)非法(fa)(fa)轉移(yi)傾(qing)倒(dao)時有(you)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)。

4.工業固體廢物處置能力(li)結構(gou)失衡

中山(shan)市(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業固(gu)體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)處理處置能(neng)(neng)力(li)不(bu)足(zu)。2021年中山(shan) 市(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業固(gu)體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)產生總量為(wei)(wei)142.14萬噸，中山(shan)市(shi)(shi)現(xian)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban) 工(gong)(gong)(gong)業固(gu)體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)綜合利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)力(li)30.58萬噸，利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)力(li)主要為(wei)(wei)廢(fei)塑料(liao)、 廢(fei)金屬(shu)等有利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)廢(fei)物(wu)，中山(shan)市(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業固(gu)體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)無(wu)專門末(mo) 端治(zhi)理設施，具有再利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業固(gu)廢(fei)由市(shi)(shi)場再利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)消化(hua), 部分無(wu)再利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業固(gu)廢(fei)與生活垃圾性質相近(jin)的(de)廢(fei)物(wu)， 經(jing)各種(zhong)渠道進入生活垃圾處置設施協同處置，而(er)不(bu)可(ke)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)且不(bu)可(ke) 焚燒、低利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業固(gu)體(ti)(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)缺(que)乏處置出(chu)路。

中(zhong)山(shan)市危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)利用(yong)處(chu)置(zhi)能(neng)(neng)力(li)結構不均衡。中(zhong)山(shan)市2021年 產(chan)生工(gong)業危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)共28種類別(bie)，中(zhong)山(shan)市具有(you)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)利用(yong)處(chu)置(zhi) 能(neng)(neng)力(li)有(you)29種類別(bie)，其(qi)中(zhong)有(you)9種危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)利用(yong)處(chu)置(zhi)能(neng)(neng)力(li)盈(ying)余超過 5000噸(dun)，有(you)8種危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)無利用(yong)處(chu)置(zhi)能(neng)(neng)力(li)或能(neng)(neng)力(li)不足，HW17 表面處(chu)理(li)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)（固態(tai)）危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)處(chu)置(zhi)缺(que)口(kou)約3.3萬(wan)噸(dun)、HW22含 銅廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)（固態(tai)）缺(que)口(kou)約1.6萬(wan)噸(dun)、HW04處(chu)置(zhi)缺(que)口(kou)約0.28萬(wan)噸(dun)、 HW49（廢(fei)(fei)包裝(zhuang)桶）缺(que)口(kou)約 0.061 萬(wan)噸(dun)；另 HW24、HW26、HW31、 HW29等4種危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)缺(que)乏處(chu)置(zhi)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，HW18僅(jin)有(you)生活垃圾焚燒 殘渣處(chu)理(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，中(zhong)山(shan)市無危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)填(tian)埋處(chu)理(li)設施(shi)，對焚燒灰渣、 低熱值低價值等危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)無害化處(chu)置(zhi)能(neng)(neng)力(li)不足。

固體廢物處理(li)項(xiang)(xiang)目選(xuan)址難。中山市工(gong)業人口分布密集，普遍 存(cun)在居住與工(gong)業生產區域功能混淆問(wen)題，擬新建(jian)的固體廢物處理(li) 項(xiang)(xiang)目選(xuan)址及建(jian)設面臨“鄰避問(wen)題"等重重困難，這些都一定程度 上(shang)制約(yue)了經濟與環境保護的平衡(heng)發(fa)展(zhan)。

5.固體廢(fei)物監管能(neng)力機制(zhi)不(bu)足

首先產廢(fei)企業主體責(ze)任意識薄(bo)弱，一般(ban)工業固體廢(fei)物、危險 廢(fei)物規范化管理(li)水平較低，存在固體廢(fei)物管理(li)臺賬不完善、貯存 不規范等問題。中山(shan)市(shi)在2021年開展的(de)環(huan)評落實(shi)情況檢查、環(huan)境保護措施竣(jun)工驗收抽(chou)查、揮發性有(you)機物(wu)無組織管(guan)(guan)理(li)的工作過程(cheng) 中，小(xiao)微企(qi)業危險廢物(wu)倉管(guan)(guan)理(li)不規(gui)范問題普(pu)遍，小(xiao)微企(qi)業危險廢 物(wu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)知識匱乏(fa)、意(yi)識淡薄現象突出(chu)。

其次，基層(ceng)監(jian)管力(li)(li)量有(you)待加強，全(quan)市涉及危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)性質復雜、 種類(lei)繁多(duo)、量少(shao)面(mian)廣，基層(ceng)環(huan)保技術和管理(li)隊伍力(li)(li)量薄(bo)弱，監(jian)管 能力(li)(li)尚顯不足。危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)全(quan)過程(cheng)監(jian)管尚未(wei)實(shi)現全(quan)市大中小(xiao)微企(qi)業 全(quan)覆蓋，中山市目前已(yi)建(jian)成了(le)固體廢(fei)物(wu)在線(xian)監(jian)控管理(li)平臺，基本 建(jian)成了(le)工(gong)業危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)環(huan)境監(jian)管體系(xi)，但距離危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)全(quan)覆蓋監(jian)管 還存在一定差距，中山市固體廢(fei)物(wu)在線(xian)監(jian)控管理(li)平臺主要(yao)針對(dui)重 點企(qi)業實(shi)行全(quan)過程(cheng)監(jian)管，對(dui)于小(xiao)微企(qi)業危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)廢(fei)物(wu)的監(jian)管力(li)(li)度較薄(bo) 弱。

最后，中山市(shi)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)管(guan)理工(gong)(gong)(gong)作制(zhi)(zhi)度仍有(you)不足。一是 各監(jian)督部(bu)門之間職責界(jie)定不清晰，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)、社會(hui)源危險廢(fei) 物(wu)的(de)管(guan)理縱向涉(she)及市(shi)級、鎮(zhen)街兩個(ge)層級，橫(heng)向涉(she)及多個(ge)部(bu)門如生 態環境主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門、發展(zhan)改革(ge)部(bu)門、工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)和信息化(hua)主(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門、文化(hua) 與宣傳教育部(bu)門等(deng)等(deng)。二是由于部(bu)門之間均存(cun)(cun)在職責交叉，多頭(tou) 監(jian)管(guan)等(deng)問題(ti)，不利于預(yu)防和控制(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)、社會(hui)源危險廢(fei)物(wu) 污(wu)染(ran)防治。三是監(jian)督部(bu)門聯動機制(zhi)(zhi)不順暢，責任界(jie)定不清晰，工(gong)(gong)(gong) 作制(zhi)(zhi)度不健(jian)全，工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)儲存(cun)(cun)、處置、運輸的(de)監(jian)管(guan)存(cun)(cun)在漏洞 和風(feng)險隱患，很難(nan)提升整體(ti)的(de)監(jian)管(guan)能力并(bing)形成工(gong)(gong)(gong)作合力，以共同 應對(dui)新(xin)形勢下本市(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)污(wu)染(ran)防治問題(ti)。

(五)防治(zhi)趨勢

在(zai)“十(shi)四五(wu)”時期，中山市(shi)城市(shi)發展(zhan)迎來了粵港澳大灣(wan)區(qu)和(he) 深圳建(jian)(jian)設(she)中國特色社會主義(yi)先行示范區(qu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)“雙區(qu)驅(qu)動"的重大 歷史機遇，是(shi)實現社會經濟(ji)發展(zhan)模式(shi)向(xiang)綠色低(di)碳(tan)發展(zhan)轉型的關鍵 期。在(zai)碳(tan)達峰碳(tan)中和(he)戰略、減污(wu)降碳(tan)協同大格局和(he)“無廢城市(shi)“ 建(jian)(jian)設(she)大背景(jing)下(xia)，工業固(gu)體廢物污(wu)染防治(zhi)工作(zuo)進入新階段(duan)，面臨(lin)新 的機遇和(he)挑戰。