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中國電(dian)子(zi)廢物環(huan)境綜合管理

（2012-2021）

（2021 年 12 月(yue)）

生(sheng)態(tai)環境部固體廢物與化(hua)學品(pin)管理技(ji)術(shu)中心(xin)

隨著(zhu)人(ren)民生(sheng)活水平的日益提高和家(jia)電更新換代速度的持(chi)續加快，中國的電子廢(fei)(fei)物(wu) ①產生(sheng)量呈現出(chu)逐年增(zeng)長的態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)勢。作(zuo)為一類具有資(zi)源(yuan)性(xing)和污染性(xing)雙重屬性(xing)的固體(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)，電子廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)管理與大氣、水、土壤污染防治(zhi)密切(qie)相關，是整體(ti)推進(jin)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保護工作(zuo)不(bu)可或缺的一環(huan)。統籌推進(jin)電子廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)減量化(hua)(hua)、資(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)、無害化(hua)(hua)，既是改善生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)質量的客觀要求，也是深化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)治(zhi)理和生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文明建設的重要內容。

黨(dang)中央、國務院(yuan)高度重(zhong)視固體(ti)廢物(wu)(wu)污染環境防治工作。黨(dang)的(de)十八大以來，固體(ti)廢物(wu)(wu)污染防治的(de)法規(gui)制度體(ti)系日臻完善，固體(ti)廢物(wu)(wu)源頭減量(liang)和(he)資源化(hua)利(li)用(yong)持續推(tui)進，固體(ti)廢物(wu)(wu)治理體(ti)系和(he)治理能力(li)得到顯著提升，為(wei)建(jian)設(she)生態文明和(he)美麗(li)中國提供(gong)(gong)了堅(jian)強保(bao)障，也(ye)為(wei)其(qi)他國家和(he)地區提供(gong)(gong)了中國經驗。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是固(gu)體廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)重要組成部分。為促進(jin)資源綜合利用，防(fang)治電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)污(wu)染，保(bao)障人(ren)體健(jian)康，2009 年國(guo)務(wu)院頒布了《廢(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)回收(shou)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)條例》，明(ming)確建立以(yi)(yi)廢(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)基金為核心的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制度體系。自(zi)此，中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)逐步走上法制化(hua)、科學化(hua)、規范化(hua)軌道。2012 年 ，國(guo)家設(she)立廢(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)基金，向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)征(zheng)收(shou)費用，對取得(de)資格許(xu)可的(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)企(qi)業開(kai)(kai)展規范回收(shou)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)予以(yi)(yi)補貼，目前針對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)冰箱、洗衣(yi)機(ji)(ji)、空氣調節器(qi)(qi)和微型計算機(ji)(ji)五類廢(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)（簡稱“四機(ji)(ji)一腦”）開(kai)(kai)展補貼。基金制度成功實踐 10 年以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，充分借鑒了國(guo)際經驗和國(guo)際慣例，立足(zu)于中(zhong)國(guo)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、消費、回收(shou)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)的(de)國(guo)情特(te)(te)點，激勵引導企(qi)業規范開(kai)(kai)展廢(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)回收(shou)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，一方面有效防(fang)治區域(yu)性環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)染、降低長期環(huan)境(jing)(jing)風險(xian)；另一方面持續推動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)“變(bian)廢(fei)為寶”、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)責任延伸制度落地見效，通過(guo)政府監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、市場調節、社會(hui)監督(du)，逐步形成具(ju)有中(zhong)國(guo)特(te)(te)色的(de)廢(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)全流(liu)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)模式(shi)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)對外(wai)合作持續深化(hua)，開(kai)(kai)啟了國(guo)際生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)保(bao)交流(liu)的(de)新篇章。

為全面介紹中國(guo)(guo)電(dian)子(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)環境(jing)綜合管(guan)理理念和實踐(jian)，增(zeng)進國(guo)(guo)際社會(hui)對(dui)中國(guo)(guo)電(dian)子(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)環境(jing)管(guan)理的了解，特發布本報(bao)告。

一(yi)、堅定走生(sheng)態(tai)優先綠色(se)低(di)碳發展道路

中國的電(dian)子廢物(wu)環境管理以全面促進資(zi)源節(jie)約集約利用為目標(biao)，全方位(wei)構建(jian)電(dian)子廢物(wu)減量化、資(zi)源化、無害化體系，切(qie)實(shi)解(jie)決老百姓(xing)身邊突出的電(dian)子廢物(wu)污(wu)染問題，積極適應新(xin)形勢(shi)新(xin)要求，扎實(shi)做好(hao)與(yu)碳達峰(feng)、碳中和等各(ge)項工作的對接融合，促進減污(wu)降碳協同增效，加(jia)快推動生(sheng)態文明建(jian)設再(zai)上新(xin)臺階、取(qu)得新(xin)成(cheng)效。

——堅(jian)持綠(lv)(lv)色發(fa)展(zhan)、循(xun)環(huan)利用(yong)。大力發(fa)展(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)色經濟，壯大節能(neng)環(huan)保、資(zi)源(yuan)再生、清潔能(neng)源(yuan)等綠(lv)(lv)色產業。推進(jin)廢物(wu)循(xun)環(huan)利用(yong)和(he)污染物(wu)集中處置，形(xing)成綠(lv)(lv)色低碳循(xun)環(huan)發(fa)展(zhan)新模式(shi)。電子廢物(wu)回(hui)收處理行業規模效(xiao)應(ying)持續顯(xian)現、構不斷(duan)(duan)優(you)化、質量(liang)穩(wen)步(bu)提(ti)升，不斷(duan)(duan)培育形(xing)成綠(lv)(lv)色產業新的增長點、增長極。

——堅持制度先行、市場主(zhu)導。加強頂層設(she)計、做實布局(ju)謀篇，建立健全(quan)電子(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)管理(li)(li)相關法律法規(gui)和政策(ce)制度，落實企業(ye)主(zhu)體責任，逐步形成了(le)目(mu)標明確、執行有力、多(duo)元參與、分工合(he)理(li)(li)、銜接(jie)有序(xu)的(de)電子(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)環境(jing)管理(li)(li)格(ge)局(ju)和監管體系。推(tui)動市場化的(de)回收處理(li)(li)產業(ye)鏈運轉銜接(jie)順暢，助力美(mei)麗中國建設(she)取得實效。

——堅(jian)持減污降(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)、協(xie)同(tong)增(zeng)效(xiao)。目(mu)前，生(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)明建設進(jin)入(ru)以(yi)降(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)為重點(dian)戰略方向、促進(jin)經濟社會(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)全面綠色(se)轉型(xing)、實現生(sheng)態(tai)環境質量改善(shan)由量變到質變的關鍵時期。中(zhong)國打造了一批發(fa)展(zhan)效(xiao)果好、創新(xin)能力強、產業后勁足、生(sheng)態(tai)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)優的資(zi)源再生(sheng)與循(xun)環經濟綠色(se)示范區。產業的經濟生(sheng)態(tai)社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)(yi)持續增(zeng)強，開啟了電子廢物回收處理(li)行業減污降(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)和協(xie)同(tong)治(zhi)理(li)的新(xin)階段，有效(xiao)促進(jin)了環境治(zhi)理(li)體(ti)系(xi)現代(dai)化的“系(xi)統升級”。

——堅持綠色(se)發展(zhan)、合(he)作(zuo)共(gong)贏。電子廢(fei)(fei)物是全(quan)球關注的(de)熱點環(huan)境(jing)問題(ti)。中(zhong)國秉持共(gong)建(jian)(jian)共(gong)治(zhi)共(gong)享的(de)理(li)念，切實履行電子廢(fei)(fei)物環(huan)境(jing)管(guan)理(li)相關環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)約義務，積極(ji)承擔與發展(zhan)水平(ping)相稱的(de)國際(ji)責任(ren)，開(kai)展(zhan)更廣范圍(wei)、更深層(ceng)次、更高(gao)水平(ping)的(de)電子廢(fei)(fei)物環(huan)境(jing)管(guan)理(li)國際(ji)合(he)作(zuo)，在構建(jian)(jian)人類命運(yun)共(gong)同體的(de)視閾(yu)下共(gong)謀全(quan)球生態文明。

二、以廢棄電器電子(zi)產品(pin)處理基金(jin)為核心的電子(zi)廢物環境綜合(he)管理體系

電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)廢物(wu)管理(li)是世界各國(guo)面(mian)臨的重(zhong)大環境(jing)問題，歐盟、美國(guo)、日本等發(fa)達(da)國(guo)家或地區(qu)相(xiang)繼開展了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)廢物(wu)回(hui)收處理(li)工作，建成(cheng)了(le)較為(wei)成(cheng)熟的電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產(chan)(chan)品生產(chan)(chan)者延(yan)(yan)伸制度體(ti)系。中國(guo)立足國(guo)情(qing)實(shi)際，在借(jie)鑒國(guo)際實(shi)踐(jian)經驗的基礎上，形成(cheng)以(yi)廢棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產(chan)(chan)品處理(li)基金（以(yi)下簡稱(cheng)“廢電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)處理(li)基金”）為(wei)核心內容的生產(chan)(chan)者責任延(yan)(yan)伸制度，建成(cheng)符合(he)中國(guo)國(guo)情(qing)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)廢物(wu)環境(jing)綜合(he)管理(li)體(ti)系，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)廢物(wu)回(hui)收處理(li)產(chan)(chan)業迎來飛速發(fa)展時期(qi)，為(wei)有(you)力促進資(zi)源全面(mian)節約和循環利用(yong)，保護生態(tai)環境(jing)，保障人體(ti)健康(kang)奠定了(le)堅(jian)實(shi)基礎。

（一）電子(zi)廢物管理制(zhi)度體系總體框架

中國(guo)電子廢物管理制度(du)體(ti)系主(zhu)要基(ji)于(yu)三部法(fa)(fa)律構建，即《中華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)固(gu)體(ti)廢物污染(ran)環(huan)境防治法(fa)(fa)》《中華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)清潔生(sheng)產促進法(fa)(fa)》《中華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)循環(huan)經(jing)濟促進法(fa)(fa)》。

2009 年國務院公(gong)布(bu)《廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)回(hui)(hui)收處(chu)(chu)理管理條例(li)(li)》，自 2011 年 1 月 1 日(ri)實(shi)施，適(shi)用(yong)列入《廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)處(chu)(chu)理目錄》的(de)廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)回(hui)(hui)收處(chu)(chu)理及相關(guan)活動，建立規(gui)劃、資格許(xu)可、基金補貼(tie)等相 關(guan)制 度 。為 落(luo) 實(shi)《廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)回(hui)(hui)收處(chu)(chu)理管理條例(li)(li)》，陸續出臺了《廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)處(chu)(chu)理基金征收使(shi)用(yong)管理辦法》和(he)《廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)處(chu)(chu)理資格許(xu)可管理辦法》等政(zheng)策，分別在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)設(she)計、制造、進口、消費、收集、運輸、拆解處(chu)(chu)理處(chu)(chu)置(zhi)等環節(jie)提(ti)出了具體管理要求，形成了針對電(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)全生命(ming)周期監管模(mo)式(shi)。

專欄 1《中華人民共和國固體廢物污染環境防治法》引領電子廢物高水平管理

2020 年新修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民(min)共和(he)國固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)污染環(huan)(huan)(huan)境防治法(fa)》明確(que)國家建立電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、鉛蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)、車用動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)等(deng)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)責任(ren)延伸(shen)制(zhi)(zhi)度，要求電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)按照規(gui)定以(yi)自建或者(zhe)委托等(deng)方式建立與產(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷售量相(xiang)匹配的(de)(de)廢(fei)舊(jiu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)回收(shou)(shou)體(ti)系，在(zai)法(fa)律上確(que)定了生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)責任(ren)延伸(shen)制(zhi)(zhi)度，為開展相(xiang)關工作提供了法(fa)律依據(ju)。大幅提高(gao)固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)違法(fa)行為的(de)(de)罰款額度，實現由“結果罰”轉向“行為罰”，有效震懾(she)了涉(she)及電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境違法(fa)行為。縱深推進電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)等(deng)固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)收(shou)(shou)集、轉移、處置等(deng)全過程(cheng)監控和(he)信息化追溯。新《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民(min)共和(he)國固(gu)體(ti)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)污染環(huan)(huan)(huan)境防治法(fa)》的(de)(de)實施將有助于規(gui)范中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廢(fei)物(wu)(wu)回收(shou)(shou)處理活動(dong)，構建公平(ping)的(de)(de)競爭環(huan)(huan)(huan)境，對推動(dong)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)企業(ye)落實資源環(huan)(huan)(huan)境責任(ren)、提高(gao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)資源環(huan)(huan)(huan)境效益(yi)、發展循環(huan)(huan)(huan)經濟和(he)清(qing)潔生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、促進綠色循環(huan)(huan)(huan)低碳發展、加快生(sheng)態文(wen)明建設具有重要意義。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)配(pei)套(tao)政策不(bu)斷完(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。中(zhong)(zhong)國緊密圍繞(rao)推進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)企業高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，本著立足(zu)當前(qian)、著眼長遠、因地(di)制宜(yi)、突(tu)出(chu)重點的(de)原則，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)要求出(chu)臺(tai)一系(xi)列規定，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)政策體系(xi)不(bu)斷細化完(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。2010 年(nian)，原環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護(hu)部(bu)(bu)制定《廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃編制指南》，充(chong)分發(fa)揮了(le)(le)規劃的(de)宏觀(guan)調(diao)控和(he)指導(dao)作(zuo)用(yong)，有(you)(you)效(xiao)引導(dao)產(chan)(chan)業健(jian)康發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)；同年(nian)發(fa)布(bu)(bu)的(de)《廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)資(zi)格許可管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)辦(ban)法》，明確了(le)(le)廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)資(zi)格的(de)申請、審批及(ji)相關(guan)(guan)監督管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)活動(dong)(dong)。2016 年(nian)，國家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)革委等 6 部(bu)(bu)委發(fa)布(bu)(bu)《廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)目錄(lu)（2014 年(nian)版(ban)）》，從廢(fei)(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)冰箱、洗衣機(ji)(ji)、空氣調(diao)節器(qi)(qi)和(he)微型計算機(ji)(ji)等 5 類(lei)(lei)擴(kuo)充(chong)到(dao) 14 類(lei)(lei)，將移動(dong)(dong)通信手持機(ji)(ji)、復(fu)印(yin)機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱水(shui)器(qi)(qi)、吸(xi)油煙機(ji)(ji)等 9 類(lei)(lei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)納入適(shi)用(yong)范 圍。2010 年(nian)原環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保護(hu)部(bu)(bu)發(fa)布(bu)(bu)的(de)《廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)拆解處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)情況審核工作(zuo)指南》分別(bie)于 2015 年(nian)和(he) 2019 年(nian)兩次(ci)更(geng)新完(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，促進(jin)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)妥(tuo)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)回(hui)(hui)收處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，有(you)(you)效(xiao)保障了(le)(le)廢(fei)(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)基金使用(yong)安全(quan)。2021年(nian)，生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)部(bu)(bu)出(chu)臺(tai)《吸(xi)油煙機(ji)(ji)等九類(lei)(lei)廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與污染防(fang)治指南》，進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)落實生產(chan)(chan)者(zhe)責(ze)任延伸制度，明確對處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)企業拆解吸(xi)油煙機(ji)(ji)等九類(lei)(lei)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)污染防(fang)治要求。在國家(jia)政策的(de)推動(dong)(dong)下，部(bu)(bu)分地(di)方開始探索制定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)回(hui)(hui)收處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)行(xing)業相關(guan)(guan)政策，如(ru)湖(hu)北省發(fa)布(bu)(bu)《湖(hu)北省完(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廢(fei)(fei)舊家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回(hui)(hui)收處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)推動(dong)(dong)家(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)更(geng)新消費三年(nian)行(xing)動(dong)(dong)計劃（2020-2022 年(nian)）》；甘(gan)肅省發(fa)布(bu)(bu)《甘(gan)肅省廢(fei)(fei)棄(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)回(hui)(hui)收處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)辦(ban)法》等。中(zhong)(zhong)國電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)體系(xi)和(he)技(ji)術(shu)要求得到(dao)進(jin)一步(bu)(bu)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。

（二）電(dian)(dian)(dian)子廢(fei)物(wu)管(guan)理制度體系核心：廢(fei)棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)器電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品處理基金

生(sheng)(sheng)產者(zhe)責任(ren)延(yan)(yan)伸制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)成功落(luo)地。實(shi)施(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產者(zhe)責任(ren)延(yan)(yan)伸制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)是(shi)加快生(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)綠色循環低碳發展(zhan)的(de)內在(zai)要求，能有(you)效地引導生(sheng)(sheng)產者(zhe)承擔產品(pin)廢棄后(hou)回收和(he)(he)資源化利用的(de)責任(ren)。中國(guo)積極探索符合(he)國(guo)情的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產者(zhe)責任(ren)延(yan)(yan)伸制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視機、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)冰箱(xiang)、洗(xi)衣機、空氣(qi)調節器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)微型計(ji)算(suan)機的(de)規范回收處(chu)(chu)理為切入點(dian)，通過讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產者(zhe)繳(jiao)納(na)基金(jin)(jin)來履 行其經濟責任(ren)的(de)方 式，建(jian)立了(le)廢電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)處(chu)(chu)理基金(jin)(jin)，用于廢棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品(pin)回收處(chu)(chu)理費(fei)用的(de)補貼。中國(guo)也成為全球首個通過建(jian)立廢電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)處(chu)(chu)理基金(jin)(jin)來實(shi)踐生(sheng)(sheng)產者(zhe)責任(ren)延(yan)(yan)伸制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)的(de)發展(zhan)中國(guo)家。相(xiang)關部門依(yi)托現有(you)廢棄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品(pin)處(chu)(chu)理企(qi)業，開展(zhan)了(le)多批試點(dian)工作，落(luo)實(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產者(zhe)責任(ren)延(yan)(yan)伸制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，進一(yi)步深化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產者(zhe)與處(chu)(chu)理企(qi)業的(de)業務合(he)作。