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（五(wu)）樹牢系統觀念，推動構建生態環境和資(zi)源保護大(da)格局。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文明(ming)建(jian)設是一項系統工(gong)程(cheng)，檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)堅持(chi)上(shang)下一體、內(nei)外聯(lian)(lian)動，攜手打好協(xie)(xie)同(tong)保(bao)(bao)護“組合(he)(he)拳”。主(zhu)動向地方黨(dang)委、人(ren)大(da)報(bao)告環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)資源(yuan)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)情(qing)況。2018年(nian)以來，27個省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)黨(dang)委、政府(fu)出(chu)臺支持(chi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的意見，29個省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)人(ren)大(da)常委會(hui)(hui)(hui)出(chu)臺加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的決(jue)定(ding)，均明(ming)確要求加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)(he)資源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護領域(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。深化執法(fa)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)跨(kua)(kua)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)聯(lian)(lian)動。認真落(luo)實(shi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護行(xing)(xing)政執法(fa)與(yu)刑事(shi)(shi)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)銜(xian)接工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)辦法(fa)，重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)案(an)件(jian)信息(xi)共(gong)享、會(hui)(hui)(hui)商(shang)督(du)辦，形成(cheng)懲治(zhi)(zhi)合(he)(he)力(li)。兩(liang)(liang)家環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)科技公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)為牟取非(fei)法(fa)利益(yi)(yi)(yi)，半年(nian)時(shi)間內(nei)出(chu)具虛假環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評報(bao)告927份。案(an)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)后(hou)，山東檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安機(ji)(ji)關(guan)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)聯(lian)(lian)動，依(yi)法(fa)追(zhui)訴(su)空殼(ke)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評單(dan)位的實(shi)際控制(zhi)人(ren)、“掛(gua)靠”的環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評工(gong)程(cheng)師、居間聯(lian)(lian)絡的“掮客”等(deng)(deng)(deng)4名(ming)犯罪嫌疑人(ren)，充分彰顯對(dui)(dui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)評弄虛作(zuo)(zuo)假“零容忍(ren)”的態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)度(du)。會(hui)(hui)(hui)同(tong)自然資源(yuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)推動省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)層面自然資源(yuan)行(xing)(xing)政執法(fa)與(yu)行(xing)(xing)政檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)銜(xian)接機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)全(quan)(quan)覆蓋。會(hui)(hui)(hui)同(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、自然資源(yuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)9部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)制(zhi)定(ding)21條意見，在檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)配合(he)(he)。分別(bie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)同(tong)水利部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)、國(guo)家林草(cao)局健全(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)政執法(fa)與(yu)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，攜手抓實(shi)江(jiang)河湖(hu)海(hai)、林草(cao)濕荒保(bao)(bao)護治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。注重(zhong)(zhong)從(cong)中(zhong)央(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護督(du)察(cha)(cha)反饋問(wen)(wen)題(ti)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)案(an)件(jian)線索(suo)(suo)。某(mou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)在廠(chang)區內(nei)非(fei)法(fa)填埋廢渣(zha)，造(zao)成(cheng)土壤和(he)(he)(he)地下水污染(ran)，被中(zhong)央(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護督(du)察(cha)(cha)“點名(ming)”。內(nei)蒙古(gu)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)提起(qi)(qi)民事(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)后(hou)，該(gai)(gai)(gai)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)依(yi)法(fa)處置廢渣(zha)，并(bing)開(kai)展(zhan)土壤清挖、補植復(fu)綠等(deng)(deng)(deng)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)修(xiu)復(fu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)通(tong)過(guo)了(le)驗收。檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)還向生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)建(jian)議(yi)，推動該(gai)(gai)(gai)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)污染(ran)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)專項整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)。針對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)賠(pei)償難(nan)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，協(xie)(xie)同(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)13部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)(men)制(zhi)定(ding)管理(li)規定(ding)，14個省(sheng)(sheng)區市建(jian)立(li)(li)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)賠(pei)償銜(xian)接機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。針對(dui)(dui)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)鑒(jian)定(ding)難(nan)、鑒(jian)定(ding)貴問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，會(hui)(hui)(hui)同(tong)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)推動58家鑒(jian)定(ding)機(ji)(ji)構落(luo)實(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)先鑒(jian)定(ding)后(hou)收費。健全(quan)(quan)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)一體履職機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。完(wan)善(shan)上(shang)下級(ji)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)院依(yi)法(fa)跟進監(jian)督(du)、接續(xu)監(jian)督(du)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。松(song)花江(jiang)某(mou)段(duan)兩(liang)(liang)岸堤防之間形成(cheng)兩(liang)(liang)處大(da)規模垃(la)圾堆(dui)放(fang)場，存續(xu)時(shi)間超過(guo)10年(nian)，嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)影響水質(zhi)安全(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)洪安全(quan)(quan)。吉林檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)提起(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)政公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)，訴(su)請(qing)垃(la)圾堆(dui)放(fang)場所在地政府(fu)履行(xing)(xing)監(jian)管職責。該(gai)(gai)(gai)案(an)歷經一審(shen)(shen)、二審(shen)(shen)、再審(shen)(shen)和(he)(he)(he)重(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)(shen)，縣、市、省(sheng)(sheng)三級(ji)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)接續(xu)監(jian)督(du)，最(zui)終推動清理(li)垃(la)圾、修(xiu)復(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、完(wan)善(shan)監(jian)管。強(qiang)化“四大(da)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)”內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)配合(he)(he)，在辦理(li)刑事(shi)(shi)案(an)件(jian)時(shi)注意發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)損害(hai)(hai)線索(suo)(suo)，依(yi)法(fa)提起(qi)(qi)刑事(shi)(shi)附帶民事(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)2.1萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)，同(tong)步(bu)追(zhui)究環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)損害(hai)(hai)賠(pei)償責任。依(yi)托國(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)區域(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)戰略，完(wan)善(shan)區域(yu)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，聯(lian)(lian)動開(kai)展(zhan)線索(suo)(suo)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)、移送處理(li)、同(tong)步(bu)監(jian)督(du)等(deng)(deng)(deng)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，推動解(jie)決(jue)跨(kua)(kua)區域(yu)、跨(kua)(kua)流(liu)域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)(he)資源(yuan)保(bao)(bao)護問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。萬(wan)(wan)峰湖(hu)、南四湖(hu)水域(yu)連接多省(sheng)(sheng)，上(shang)下游、左(zuo)右(you)岸治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)不一，污染(ran)多年(nian)。最(zui)高人(ren)民檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)院直接立(li)(li)案(an)，四級(ji)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)院合(he)(he)力(li)，助(zhu)推地方政府(fu)聯(lian)(lian)手共(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)，再現(xian)一湖(hu)碧水后(hou)，又推動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)漁業(ye)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、助(zhu)力(li)鄉村振(zhen)興(xing)。健全(quan)(quan)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)支持(chi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)。探索(suo)(suo)推廣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)聽(ting)證、宣告送達(da)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)圓(yuan)桌會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi)、第三方評估(gu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，引導公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾有序參(can)與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)。與(yu)中(zhong)央(yang)統戰部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)(he)各民主(zhu)黨(dang)派中(zhong)央(yang)共(gong)建(jian)“益(yi)(yi)(yi)心為公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”志(zhi)愿者檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)云平臺，依(yi)靠公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾力(li)量(liang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)和(he)(he)(he)解(jie)決(jue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)損害(hai)(hai)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。現(xian)已注冊志(zhi)愿者8萬(wan)(wan)余名(ming)，提報(bao)案(an)件(jian)線索(suo)(suo)1.3萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)。

（六）強化素(su)能建設，不(bu)斷提升生態(tai)環境和資(zi)源保護檢察工作專業化水(shui)平。生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)和(he)資(zi)(zi)源保護檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)工作(zuo)涉及面廣、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)性(xing)強，對檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)隊(dui)伍素質能(neng)力提出(chu)更高要(yao)求。深(shen)(shen)入開展學(xue)習貫(guan)徹習近(jin)(jin)平(ping)(ping)新時代(dai)中國特色社會主(zhu)義(yi)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)主(zhu)題教育，學(xue)思(si)踐悟(wu)習近(jin)(jin)平(ping)(ping)生態文(wen)明思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、習近(jin)(jin)平(ping)(ping)法治思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，抓(zhua)好實戰實訓、崗(gang)位練兵、同(tong)堂(tang)培(pei)訓，一體提升政治素質、業(ye)(ye)務(wu)素能(neng)。最高人民檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)院發(fa)布(bu)涉環(huan)境(jing)(jing)資(zi)(zi)源檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)工作(zuo)司法解(jie)釋和(he)司法解(jie)釋性(xing)質文(wen)件(jian)20件(jian)，發(fa)布(bu)指導性(xing)案(an)(an)(an)(an)例18件(jian)、典(dian)型(xing)案(an)(an)(an)(an)例424件(jian)，編寫環(huan)境(jing)(jing)衛生犯(fan)罪等(deng)辦(ban)案(an)(an)(an)(an)指引，引導規范辦(ban)案(an)(an)(an)(an)。深(shen)(shen)化行政機(ji)關專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)人員兼任檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)官助理制度，邀請自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)(zi)源、生態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)、水利等(deng)部門(men)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)骨干參與檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)聽證、案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)討論，提供專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)咨詢意見；建(jian)立環(huan)境(jing)(jing)公益訴(su)訟(song)技術專(zhuan)(zhuan)家庫，借智借力提升履職(zhi)水平(ping)(ping)。深(shen)(shen)化現代(dai)科技應用，依托大數(shu)據發(fa)現類(lei)案(an)(an)(an)(an)監督線索。

二、面臨的挑戰和問題(ti)

從檢(jian)察(cha)辦案(an)情況看，當前我(wo)國生態(tai)文(wen)明建設仍處于壓力疊加、負重前行的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵期。一是(shi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)總體(ti)(ti)(ti)呈上(shang)升趨勢。2022年(nian)(nian)受(shou)理審(shen)查(cha)起訴(su)(su)(su)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)7.8萬人(ren)，較(jiao)2018年(nian)(nian)上(shang)升34.9%；今年(nian)(nian)上(shang)半年(nian)(nian)受(shou)理審(shen)查(cha)起訴(su)(su)(su)4.1萬人(ren)，同比(bi)上(shang)升10.1%。犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)類型較(jiao)為集中，非(fei)(fei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)捕撈水產品、濫伐林木、非(fei)(fei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)、非(fei)(fei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)占(zhan)用農用地(di)、污染(ran)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)、非(fei)(fei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)狩獵等6個罪(zui)(zui)名占(zhan)83%，非(fei)(fei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)處置進口的(de)(de)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物、破壞性(xing)采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)、擅自進口固體(ti)(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)案(an)件(jian)(jian)零星(xing)散發(fa)。二是(shi)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)和(he)(he)資(zi)源(yuan)保護(hu)領(ling)域公(gong)益(yi)損害問(wen)題多發(fa)。檢(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)立案(an)辦理的(de)(de)生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)和(he)(he)資(zi)源(yuan)保護(hu)領(ling)域公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)，占(zhan)公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)案(an)件(jian)(jian)總數的(de)(de)51.6%，公(gong)益(yi)損害行為呈多樣化(hua)趨勢。三(san)是(shi)部分公(gong)民、企(qi)業環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)保護(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治意識有待(dai)加強。環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)案(an)件(jian)(jian)中共同犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)占(zhan)50.5%，尤其污染(ran)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)罪(zui)(zui)和(he)(he)非(fei)(fei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)采(cai)礦(kuang)(kuang)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)案(an)均犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)嫌(xian)疑人(ren)2.5人(ren)。起訴(su)(su)(su)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)單位(wei)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)2365件(jian)(jian)，反映出部分企(qi)業環(huan)(huan)(huan)保主體(ti)(ti)(ti)責任(ren)尚(shang)未(wei)落(luo)實，甚至為謀求非(fei)(fei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)利(li)益(yi)違法(fa)(fa)(fa)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)。以上(shang)這些情況，是(shi)我(wo)國生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)結(jie)構性(xing)、根(gen)源(yuan)性(xing)、趨勢性(xing)壓力尚(shang)未(wei)根(gen)本緩解在(zai)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)環(huan)(huan)(huan)節的(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)，深刻警醒我(wo)們(men)必須以更(geng)(geng)高站位(wei)、更(geng)(geng)寬(kuan)視野、更(geng)(geng)大力度謀劃和(he)(he)推進生態(tai)文(wen)明司法(fa)(fa)(fa)保護(hu)工作(zuo)。

近年來(lai)生態環境和(he)資源保(bao)護檢察工作雖取得積極進展(zhan)，但同黨中(zhong)央(yang)和(he)人民群眾更高要求(qiu)相比，同生態文(wen)明法(fa)治保(bao)障(zhang)的形勢任(ren)務相比，還有不少(shao)問題(ti)和(he)困難。

（一）服務“高(gao)質(zhi)量發展和(he)高(gao)水平保護”的質(zhi)效有待(dai)提升。一些檢(jian)察機關、檢(jian)察人員對(dui)生(sheng)態環境(jing)治理(li)呈現點多(duo)面廣、矛盾新舊(jiu)交織、壓(ya)力積累疊加的(de)特點認識不(bu)(bu)足，自覺(jue)以檢(jian)察履職服務美麗中(zhong)國建設的(de)主動(dong)性不(bu)(bu)夠。有(you)的(de)對(dui)本(ben)地生(sheng)態環境(jing)要素、行業監管(guan)等情況(kuang)分析研(yan)判(pan)不(bu)(bu)夠，恢復性司法和公(gong)益訴訟案(an)(an)件辦理(li)的(de)針對(dui)性不(bu)(bu)強，沒有(you)做到(dao)因(yin)地施策、對(dui)癥下藥。有(you)的(de)就案(an)(an)辦案(an)(an)，結合(he)辦案(an)(an)推動(dong)生(sheng)態環境(jing)和資源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)相關行業、領域、區域治理(li)不(bu)(bu)夠到(dao)位(wei)。

（二）法律監督職能作用發揮(hui)不夠充(chong)分。生態環境(jing)和資源保(bao)護(hu)(hu)領域“四(si)大檢察”發展不夠協調(diao)，尤(you)其對涉(she)環境(jing)資源民事訴訟、行(xing)政訴訟監督比較薄弱，需進一(yi)步加大辦案力(li)度(du)。對在(zai)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)職(zhi)(zhi)責中發現行(xing)政機(ji)(ji)關違法(fa)行(xing)使(shi)職(zhi)(zhi)權或者不行(xing)使(shi)職(zhi)(zhi)權的行(xing)為，監督力(li)度(du)不足、精準度(du)不夠，作用(yong)發揮不充分(fen)，一(yi)定程度(du)存在(zai)不敢監督、不會監督的問題(ti)。檢察一(yi)體化機(ji)(ji)制不夠完善，各項檢察職(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)融(rong)合履(lv)(lv)職(zhi)(zhi)不充分(fen)，綜合保(bao)護(hu)(hu)效果有待增(zeng)強。

（三）協同保護制度機制落實不夠(gou)到位。以系統思維打(da)破一(yi)地(di)一(yi)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的限制(zhi)(zhi)，協調(diao)解決跨區(qu)域重大生態(tai)環(huan)境問題力度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)，特別是在大江大河(he)大湖(hu)干(gan)支流、上(shang)下游、左右岸聯(lian)合執法(fa)司(si)法(fa)方面聯(lian)動不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足，跨區(qu)域案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)處理難(nan)、溯源(yuan)難(nan)、周期(qi)長。行(xing)(xing)政執法(fa)與(yu)刑事司(si)法(fa)雙向銜接(jie)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)運行(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)順暢，有案(an)(an)(an)(an)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)移(yi)(yi)、有案(an)(an)(an)(an)難(nan)移(yi)(yi)仍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)程度(du)存(cun)在，一(yi)些刑事案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)訴后需(xu)給予行(xing)(xing)政處罰的也(ye)未(wei)及時移(yi)(yi)送主管(guan)部門。行(xing)(xing)刑銜接(jie)信息(xi)(xi)共享平(ping)臺發展(zhan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)衡，信息(xi)(xi)共享、案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)移(yi)(yi)送、備(bei)案(an)(an)(an)(an)通報等未(wei)能完全落實，檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)監督中獲取執法(fa)信息(xi)(xi)、監測數(shu)據難(nan)。執法(fa)司(si)法(fa)標準(zhun)仍有待統一(yi)，執法(fa)司(si)法(fa)機(ji)關(guan)對部分犯罪證據、情節(jie)等認定(ding)標準(zhun)需(xu)進一(yi)步形成共識。一(yi)些地(di)方偵(zhen)查機(ji)關(guan)、檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)與(yu)審(shen)判機(ji)關(guan)環(huan)境資(zi)源(yuan)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)管(guan)轄不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對應，一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)上(shang)增加(jia)司(si)法(fa)成本、影響辦(ban)案(an)(an)(an)(an)效率(lv)。生態(tai)環(huan)境損(sun)(sun)害(hai)鑒(jian)定(ding)評(ping)估機(ji)構數(shu)量較少且分布不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)，鑒(jian)定(ding)周期(qi)長、質(zhi)量參差不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)齊，成為制(zhi)(zhi)約辦(ban)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的棘手問題。檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)公益(yi)訴訟與(yu)生態(tai)環(huan)境損(sun)(sun)害(hai)賠償銜接(jie)配合不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)，線索信息(xi)(xi)共享不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)暢。

（四）基層生態環(huan)境和(he)資源(yuan)保護檢(jian)察隊伍相對(dui)薄(bo)弱(ruo)。一(yi)些(xie)地方(fang)檢察機(ji)關環(huan)境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)檢察辦案力(li)量不(bu)足，基層(ceng)檢察院專業人才尤其緊缺。一(yi)些(xie)檢察人員司法理念跟(gen)不(bu)上(shang)，線索(suo)發現、調查(cha)取證、庭(ting)審應對(dui)能(neng)力(li)欠缺，有的(de)過于(yu)依(yi)賴執法機(ji)關出具(ju)的(de)認定(ding)(ding)意見、鑒定(ding)(ding)機(ji)構出具(ju)的(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)意見，對(dui)相關證據的(de)技(ji)術性(xing)審查(cha)、引導偵查(cha)、開展法律監督(du)、推(tui)動源(yuan)頭(tou)治理、促進生態修復的(de)能(neng)力(li)需(xu)進一(yi)步提升。

（五）檢察公益訴(su)訟(song)制度需進一步完善(shan)。實踐(jian)的快速發(fa)展對(dui)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)供給提出新(xin)的更高需求。民事訴訟(song)(song)(song)法(fa)、行(xing)政(zheng)訴訟(song)(song)(song)法(fa)分別只有一個(ge)條款，未(wei)能更好(hao)體(ti)現(xian)檢察(cha)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)職能定(ding)(ding)位，難以體(ti)現(xian)檢察(cha)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)不同于私益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)和(he)其他主體(ti)提起(qi)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)的特(te)點規律(lv)(lv)，難以滿足檢察(cha)調查、訴前監督、訴訟(song)(song)(song)權利義務(wu)、裁判執行(xing)等檢察(cha)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)特(te)殊程序需求。單(dan)行(xing)法(fa)增(zeng)設(she)的檢察(cha)公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)條款多為授權性(xing)、原則性(xing)規定(ding)(ding)，也缺乏(fa)相應程序性(xing)規定(ding)(ding)。有關(guan)行(xing)政(zheng)機關(guan)在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境和(he)資源保護領域(yu)民事公益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)執行(xing)中的配合協作、職責內容、程序標準(zhun)缺乏(fa)法(fa)律(lv)(lv)規范，影響受損生(sheng)(sheng)態環境及(ji)時妥善(shan)修(xiu)復。

三、下步工作打算和(he)建議

習(xi)近平(ping)總書記(ji)強調要(yao)“把建(jian)(jian)設美(mei)麗中國(guo)擺在強國(guo)建(jian)(jian)設、民族復興的突出位(wei)置”，黨的二十大報告專(zhuan)章部署(shu)“推動綠色發展，促(cu)進(jin)人(ren)與自然和(he)諧共(gong)生”，指引生態(tai)文(wen)明建(jian)(jian)設向縱(zong)深推進(jin)。全(quan)國(guo)檢察機關將堅(jian)持(chi)以習(xi)近平(ping)新時代中國(guo)特色社會(hui)主義思想(xiang)為指導，全(quan)面貫徹習(xi)近平(ping)生態(tai)文(wen)明思想(xiang)、習(xi)近平(ping)法治思想(xiang)，深入貫徹黨的二十大和(he)全(quan)國(guo)生態(tai)環境保護大會(hui)精神，錨定(ding)未來(lai)五(wu)年(nian)和(he)到2035年(nian)美(mei)麗中國(guo)建(jian)(jian)設目標，全(quan)面履(lv)行法律監督職能(neng)，攜手各方(fang)助力中華(hua)大地藍天永駐、青山常(chang)在、綠水長流。

（一）提高(gao)政(zheng)治(zhi)站位，自覺(jue)服(fu)務人與自然和諧共生的現代化。深(shen)入(ru)貫(guan)徹美麗(li)中國建(jian)設戰(zhan)略任務和(he)重(zhong)大(da)舉措，持(chi)續深(shen)入(ru)打(da)好污染防治攻堅戰(zhan)，從政(zheng)治上著(zhu)眼、從法治上著(zhu)力(li)，深(shen)化落實用最嚴格制(zhi)度最嚴密法治保(bao)護(hu)生態環境(jing)。堅持(chi)寬嚴相濟刑事政(zheng)策，依法懲治各類環境(jing)資(zi)源犯(fan)罪，守(shou)牢(lao)美麗(li)中國建(jian)設安全底線(xian)。總結推廣(guang)跨區(qu)域(yu)、全流(liu)域(yu)生態環境(jing)和(he)資(zi)源保(bao)護(hu)公益訴訟辦案模式，助力(li)大(da)江大(da)河和(he)重(zhong)要湖泊保(bao)護(hu)治理。聚焦重(zhong)點行業、領(ling)域(yu)、區(qu)域(yu)環境(jing)污染問(wen)(wen)題(ti)，部署開展專項監督，促(cu)進系統治理，助推高質量發展和(he)高水平保(bao)護(hu)。積極參與城鄉人(ren)居環境(jing)整治，依法解決群眾身邊(bian)的突出(chu)環境(jing)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。

（二）抓實(shi)監督辦(ban)案，不(bu)斷提(ti)升生態環(huan)境和資源保護檢察工作質效。堅(jian)持“高質效(xiao)辦好每一(yi)個(ge)案件”，深化生態(tai)環境(jing)和(he)資(zi)源(yuan)保護(hu)“四大檢察”一(yi)體履職(zhi)(zhi)、綜合履職(zhi)(zhi)、能(neng)動履職(zhi)(zhi)，更加注重(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)下聯動辦理重(zhong)(zhong)大案件。出臺(tai)工作(zuo)指引，完善(shan)環境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)檢察業務規則(ze)體系。加強涉環境(jing)資(zi)源(yuan)刑(xing)事、民事、行政(zheng)訴訟監督，著力監督糾正執法司(si)法中的(de)突出問題(ti)。會(hui)同生態(tai)環境(jing)部等制發環境(jing)污染犯罪案件證據(ju)指引，統一(yi)執法司(si)法標準。會(hui)同司(si)法部等持續破(po)解環境(jing)損害司(si)法鑒定難、鑒定貴問題(ti)。堅(jian)持打擊(ji)與修(xiu)復兼顧、治(zhi)罪與治(zhi)理并重(zhong)(zhong)，對每一(yi)起涉生態(tai)環境(jing)案件開展修(xiu)復必要性(xing)審查(cha)，因(yin)地因(yin)時制宜、分(fen)區分(fen)類施(shi)策，豐富替代(dai)性(xing)生態(tai)修(xiu)復方式。

（三）深化多方協同(tong)，持(chi)續凝聚生(sheng)態環境(jing)和資源(yuan)保護工作合力。持續深入對(dui)中央生態環境(jing)保護督(du)察(cha)(cha)移(yi)(yi)送的(de)(de)生態環境(jing)損害(hai)問題依(yi)法(fa)開展(zhan)公益訴(su)訟(song)，追究違法(fa)行為人(ren)的(de)(de)生態環境(jing)損害(hai)責任，督(du)促(cu)負有監(jian)管職責的(de)(de)行政機關依(yi)法(fa)履職。加強檢察(cha)(cha)公益訴(su)訟(song)與行政執法(fa)銜(xian)接，推動落實信息資源共享、案件(jian)線索移(yi)(yi)送、配(pei)合調查(cha)取證等工作機制(zhi)。強化檢察(cha)(cha)公益訴(su)訟(song)與生態環境(jing)損害(hai)賠償銜(xian)接。協同(tong)最高人(ren)民法(fa)院完善環境(jing)資源案件(jian)管轄制(zhi)度(du)。形成工作合力，激(ji)發全社會共同(tong)呵護生態環境(jing)的(de)(de)內生動力。